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In quantum metrology, entangled states of many-particle systems are investigated to enhance measurement precision of the most precise clocks and field sensors. While single-parameter quantum metrology is well established, many metrological…

Simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters in quantum metrological models is complicated by factors relating to the (i) existence of a single probe state allowing for optimal sensitivity for all parameters of interest, (ii) existence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-01 Sammy Ragy , Marcin Jarzyna , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

A longstanding problem in quantum metrology is how to extract as much information as possible in realistic scenarios with not only multiple unknown parameters, but also limited measurement data and some degree of prior information. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-24 Jesús Rubio , Jacob Dunningham

The optimal quantum measurements for estimating different unknown parameters in a parameterized quantum state are usually incompatible with each other. Traditional approaches to addressing the measurement incompatibility issue, such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Sisi Zhou , Senrui Chen

Achieving the ultimate precisions for multiple parameters simultaneously is an outstanding challenge in quantum physics, because the optimal measurements for incompatible parameters cannot be performed jointly due to the Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-12 Binke Xia , Jingzheng Huang , Hongjing Li , Han Wang , Guihua Zeng

Quantum multiparameter estimation focuses on the simultaneous inference of multiple parameters in quantum systems through measurement and data processing. Its complexity stems from two key factors: measurement incompatibility and parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Bing-Shu Hu , Xiao-Ming Lu

We consider the problem of quantum multi-parameter estimation with experimental constraints and formulate the solution in terms of a convex optimization. Specifically, we outline an efficient method to identify the optimal strategy for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Kevin C. Young , Mohan Sarovar , Robert Kosut , K. Birgitta Whaley

A pivotal task in quantum metrology, and quantum parameter estimation in general, is to de- sign schemes that achieve the highest precision with given resources. Standard models of quantum metrology usually assume the dynamics is fixed, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-18 Jing Liu , Haidong Yuan

We present a comprehensive and pedagogical formulation of Bayesian multiparameter quantum estimation. Within this framework, we analyse the role of measurement incompatibility and establish its quantitative effect on attainable precision.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Francesco Albarelli , Dominic Branford , Jesús Rubio

When discriminating between two pure quantum states, there exists a quantitative tradeoff between the information retrieved by the measurement and the disturbance caused on the unknown state. We derive the optimal tradeoff and provide the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francesco Buscemi , Massimiliano F. Sacchi

Relevant metrological scenarios involve the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters. The fundamental ingredient to achieve quantum-enhanced performances is based on the use of appropriately tailored quantum probes. However, reaching…

We study multi-parameter sensing of 2D and 3D vector fields within the Bayesian framework for $SU(2)$ quantum interferometry. We establish a method to determine the optimal quantum sensor, which establishes the fundamental limit on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Raphael Kaubruegger , Athreya Shankar , Denis V. Vasilyev , Peter Zoller

Multiparameter quantum estimation is made difficult by the following three obstacles. First, incompatibility among different physical quantities poses a limit on the attainable precision. Second, the ultimate precision is not saturated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Jisho Miyazaki , Keiji Matsumoto

The optimal quantum measurements for estimating individual parameters might be incompatible with each other so that they cannot be jointly performed. The tradeoff between the estimation precision for different parameters can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-13 Jingjing Shao , Xiao-Ming Lu

The estimation of multiple parameters is a ubiquitous requirement in many quantum metrology applications. However, achieving the ultimate precision limit, i.e. the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound, becomes challenging in these scenarios compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Ben Wang , Kaimin Zheng , Qian Xie , Aonan Zhang , Liang Xu , Lijian Zhang

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound is a cornerstone of modern quantum metrology, as it provides the ultimate precision in parameter estimation. In the multiparameter scenario, this bound becomes a matrix inequality, which can be cast to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Aaron Z. Goldberg , Luis L. Sánchez-Soto , Hugo Ferretti

The precise measurement of a magnetic field is one of the most fundamental and important tasks in quantum metrology. Although extensive studies on quantum magnetometry have been carried out over past decades, the ultimate precision that can…

Quantum detectors provide information about quantum systems by establishing correlations between certain properties of those systems and a set of macroscopically distinct states of the corresponding measurement devices. A natural question…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-26 Ognyan Oreshkov , John Calsamiglia , Ramon Munoz-Tapia , Emili Bagan

We formulate the accuracy of quantum measurement for a qubit system in terms of a 3 by 3 matrix. This matrix, which we refer to as the accuracy matrix, can be calculated from a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) corresponding to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

Measurement uncertainty relations are lower bounds on the errors of any approximate joint measurement of two or more quantum observables. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to compute optimal bounds of this type. The basic method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 René Schwonnek , David Reeb , Reinhard F. Werner