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Quantum Parameter Estimation Uncertainty Relation

Quantum Physics 2025-09-15 v2

Abstract

Quantum multiparameter estimation focuses on the simultaneous inference of multiple parameters in quantum systems through measurement and data processing. Its complexity stems from two key factors: measurement incompatibility and parameter correlation. By strategically manipulating the multidimensional parameter space, we derive an estimation uncertainty relation that quantifies how these factors jointly limit estimation precision in the two-parameter case. This uncertainty relation is tight for pure states and thus completely describes the quantum limit of two-parameter estimation precision in a simple inequality. To intuitively illustrate the impact of the uncertainty relation, we develop an error-ellipse method and demonstrate its utility in phase-space displacement estimation. Our results reveal that a geometric perspective of the parameter space offers a powerful approach for addressing multiparameter estimation challenges.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.15352,
  title  = {Quantum Parameter Estimation Uncertainty Relation},
  author = {Bing-Shu Hu and Xiao-Ming Lu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.15352},
  year   = {2025}
}