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Large Language Models (LLMs) are changing the coding paradigm, known as vibe coding, yet synthesizing algorithmically sophisticated and robust code still remains a critical challenge. Incentivizing the deep reasoning capabilities of LLMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Chansung Park , Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Sayak Paul , Jiasi Shen , Jing Tang , Jianguo Li

Large language models (LLMs) transcend passive generation and act as goal-directed agents by invoking external tools. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled framework for optimizing these emergent tool-use policies, yet the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Jie Cao , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

Large language models (LLMs) with a large number of parameters achieve strong performance but are often prohibitively expensive to deploy. Recent work explores using teams of smaller, more efficient LLMs that collectively match or even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yi Xie , Yangyang Xu , Yi Fan , Bo Liu

Finding codes given natural language query isb eneficial to the productivity of software developers. Future progress towards better semantic matching between query and code requires richer supervised training resources. To remedy this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Junjie Huang , Duyu Tang , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Ke Xu , Daxin Jiang , Ming Zhou , Nan Duan

Foundation models compress a large amount of information in a single, large neural network, which can then be queried for individual tasks. There are strong parallels between this widespread framework and offline goal-conditioned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Marco Bagatella , Mert Albaba , Jonas Hübotter , Georg Martius , Andreas Krause

The increasing demand for spatiotemporal data and modeling tasks in geosciences has made geospatial code generation technology a critical factor in enhancing productivity. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shuyang Hou , Zhangxiao Shen , Anqi Zhao , Jianyuan Liang , Zhipeng Gui , Xuefeng Guan , Rui Li , Huayi Wu

In this paper, we propose a novel co-learning framework (CoSSL) with decoupled representation learning and classifier learning for imbalanced SSL. To handle the data imbalance, we devise Tail-class Feature Enhancement (TFE) for classifier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Yue Fan , Dengxin Dai , Anna Kukleva , Bernt Schiele

Scaling test-time compute has proven highly effective for language models, yet this opportunity remains largely unexplored for industrial Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction. CTR models suffer from a fundamental asymmetry: feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Moyu Zhang , Yun Chen , Yujun Jin , Jinxin Hu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng

Large language models are increasingly adopted as semantic backbones for neural text-to-speech systems. However, frozen LLM representations are insufficient for modeling speaker specific acoustic and perceptual characteristics. Our…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Anupam Purwar , Aditya Choudhary

With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), their application in Software Quality Assurance (SQA) has increased. However, the current focus of these applications is predominantly on ChatGPT. There remains a gap in understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ratnadira Widyasari , David Lo , Lizi Liao

Speech editing and zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) share a similar generative foundation conditioned on speech prompts, yet speech editing demands far stricter local acoustic consistency with surrounding unedited content. While prior work…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Junyang Chen , Yuhang Jia , Hui Wang , Jiaming Zhou , Yongchang Gan , Yong Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on test-time scaling via parallel decoding (for example, 512 samples) to boost reasoning accuracy, but this incurs substantial compute. We introduce CoRefine, a confidence-guided self-refinement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chen Jin , Ryutaro Tanno , Tom Diethe , Philip Teare

Increasing test-time computation has emerged as a promising direction for improving language model performance, particularly in scenarios where model finetuning is impractical or impossible due to computational constraints or private model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Gonçalo Faria , Noah A. Smith

Current large language models (LLMs) often struggle to produce accurate responses on the first attempt for complex reasoning tasks like code generation. Prior research tackles this challenge by generating multiple candidate solutions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zeyao Ma , Xiaokang Zhang , Jing Zhang , Jifan Yu , Sijia Luo , Jie Tang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) plays a crucial role in expanding the capacities of LLM reasoning, but GRPO-style training is dominated by expensive rollouts and wastes compute on unusable prompts. We propose Prompt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Andrei Baroian , Rutger Berger

Large language models can generate solutions to complex problems, but training them with reinforcement learning typically requires verifiable rewards that are expensive to create and not possible for all domains. We demonstrate that LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Toby Simonds , Kevin Lopez , Akira Yoshiyama , Dominique Garmier

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has reshaped machine translation (MT), but multilingual MT still relies heavily on parallel data for supervised fine-tuning (SFT), facing challenges like data scarcity for low-resource languages and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wei Zou , Sen Yang , Yu Bao , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen , Shanbo Cheng

Mainstream issue-resolving frameworks predominantly rely on commercial models, leading to high costs and privacy concerns. Existing training approaches for issue resolving struggle with poor generalization and fail to fully leverage…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zexiong Ma , Chao Peng , Pengfei Gao , Xiangxin Meng , Yanzhen Zou , Bing Xie

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models by allocating additional inference compute to explore the solution space. However, existing parallel TTS methods typically keep branches isolated during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xinglin Wang , Hao Lin , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Yiwei Li , Jiayi Shi , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Training models to effectively use test-time compute is crucial for improving the reasoning performance of LLMs. Current methods mostly do so via fine-tuning on search traces or running RL with 0/1 outcome reward, but do these approaches…

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