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Knowledge distillation (KD) has received much attention due to its success in compressing networks to allow for their deployment in resource-constrained systems. While the problem of adversarial robustness has been studied before in the KD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Tom A. Lamb , Rudy Brunel , Krishnamurthy DJ Dvijotham , M. Pawan Kumar , Philip H. S. Torr , Francisco Eiras

Despite the conventional wisdom that proactive security is superior to reactive security, we show that reactive security can be competitive with proactive security as long as the reactive defender learns from past attacks instead of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Adam Barth , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Mukund Sundararajan , John C. Mitchell , Dawn Song , Peter L. Bartlett

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers capabilities from large language models (LLMs) to smaller students, yet it can fail unpredictably and also underpins model leakage risks. Our analysis revealed several distillation traps: tail noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Weixiao Zhan , Yongcheng Jing , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao

Knowledge distillation is effective for producing small, high-performance neural networks for classification, but these small networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This paper studies how adversarial robustness transfers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Micah Goldblum , Liam Fowl , Soheil Feizi , Tom Goldstein

Vision-based deep reinforcement learning (RL) typically obtains performance benefit by using high capacity and relatively large convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, a large network leads to higher inference costs (power, latency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Sam Green , Craig M. Vineyard , Çetin Kaya Koç

The performance of a distillation-based compressed network is governed by the quality of distillation. The reason for the suboptimal distillation of a large network (teacher) to a smaller network (student) is largely attributed to the gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Vibhas Vats , David Crandall

Black-box knowledge distillation for large language models presents a strict trade-off. Simple off-policy methods (e.g., sequence-level knowledge distillation) struggle to correct the student's inherent errors. Fully on-policy methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Xiwen Chen , Jingjing Wang , Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xuanzhao Dong , Hejian Sang , Zhipeng Wang , Alborz Geramifard , Feng Luo

Machine learning models are vulnerable to simple model stealing attacks if the adversary can obtain output labels for chosen inputs. To protect against these attacks, it has been proposed to limit the information provided to the adversary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Taesung Lee , Benjamin Edwards , Ian Molloy , Dong Su

In ordinary distillation, student networks are trained with soft labels (SLs) given by pretrained teacher networks, and students are expected to improve upon teachers since SLs are stronger supervision than the original hard labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Jingfeng Zhang , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Jingren Zhou , Jianliang Xu , Hongxia Yang

Knowledge Distillation is becoming one of the primary trends among neural network compression algorithms to improve the generalization performance of a smaller student model with guidance from a larger teacher model. This momentous rise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Sumanth Chennupati , Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Zhongwei Cheng , Lin Chen

Knowledge distillation is the procedure of transferring "knowledge" from a large model (the teacher) to a more compact one (the student), often being used in the context of model compression. When both models have the same architecture,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Minh Pham , Minsu Cho , Ameya Joshi , Chinmay Hegde

We report experimental results indicating that defensive distillation successfully mitigates adversarial samples crafted using the fast gradient sign method, in addition to those crafted using the Jacobian-based iterative attack on which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Nicolas Papernot , Patrick McDaniel

Adversarial attacks can generate adversarial inputs by applying small but intentionally worst-case perturbations to samples from the dataset, which leads to even state-of-the-art deep neural networks outputting incorrect answers with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Shorya Sharma

Attack detection is usually approached as a classification problem. However, standard classification tools often perform poorly because an adaptive attacker can shape his attacks in response to the algorithm. This has led to the recent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-26 Lemonia Dritsoula , Patrick Loiseau , John Musacchio

On-policy self-distillation has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training language models, in which the model conditions on environment feedback to serve as its own teacher, providing dense token-level rewards without external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Guobin Shen , Lei Huang , Xiang Cheng , Chenxiao Zhao , Jindong Li , Dongcheng Zhao , Xing Yu

Host-pathogen interactions consist of an attack by the pathogen, frequently a defense by the host and possibly a counter-defense by the pathogen. Here, we present a game-theoretical approach to describing such interactions. We consider a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Shalu Dwivedi , Ravindra Garde , Stefan Schuster

Distilling knowledge from a large teacher model to a lightweight one is a widely successful approach for generating compact, powerful models in the semi-supervised learning setting where a limited amount of labeled data is available. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Cenk Baykal , Khoa Trinh , Fotis Iliopoulos , Gaurav Menghani , Erik Vee

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to grow in both capability and cost, transferring frontier capabilities into smaller, deployable students has become a central engineering problem, and knowledge distillation remains the dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng

Current state-of-the-art object detectors are at the expense of high computational costs and are hard to deploy to low-end devices. Knowledge distillation, which aims at training a smaller student network by transferring knowledge from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Ruoyu Sun , Fuhui Tang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Hongkai Xiong , Qi Tian

On-policy distillation is an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning, offering dense token-level training signals. However, its reliance on a stronger external teacher has driven recent work on on-policy self-distillation, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xin Yu , Liuchen Liao , Yiwen Zhang , Yingchen Yu , Lingzhou Xue , Qinzhen Guo