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DDoS attacks are simple, effective, and still pose a significant threat even after more than two decades. Given the recent success in machine learning, it is interesting to investigate how we can leverage deep learning to filter out…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Wesley Joon-Wie Tann , Jackie Tan Jin Wei , Joanna Purba , Ee-Chien Chang

With the ubiquitous computing of providing services and applications at anywhere and anytime, cloud computing is the best option as it offers flexible and pay-per-use based services to its customers. Nevertheless, security and privacy are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-09 Nour Moustafa , Gideon Creech , Elena Sitnikova , Marwa Keshk

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are essential for protecting computer systems and networks against a wide range of cyber threats that continue to evolve over time. IDS are commonly categorized into two main types, each with its own…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Messaouda Boutassetta , Amina Makhlouf , Newfel Messaoudi , Abdelmadjid Benmachiche , Ines Boutabia

The modern power grids are integrated with digital technologies and automation systems. The inclusion of digital technologies has made the smart grids vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Cyberattacks on smart grids can compromise data integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Smruti P. Dash , Kedar V. Khandeparkar , Nipun Agrawal

Network traffic classification (NTC) models often suffer severe performance degradation when deployed in real-world environments due to distribution shifts caused by changing network conditions. Existing robustness-enhancing approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tongze Wang , Xiaohui Xie , Wenduo Wang , Chuyi Wang , Yong Cui

The adoption of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) has sparked considerable interest across diverse industries, including public transportation, underground mining, and agriculture sectors. However, CAVs' reliance on sensor readings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Md Sazedur Rahman , Mohamed Elmahallawy , Sanjay Madria , Samuel Frimpong

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is another technology that has been developing in the last few years as a relevant technique to improve network programmability and administration. Nonetheless, its centralized design presents a major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ashikuzzaman , Md. Saifuzzaman Abhi , Mahabubur Rahman , Md. Manjur Ahmed , Md. Mehedi Hasan , Md. Ahsan Arif

Anomaly detection (AD) is a critical task across domains such as cybersecurity and healthcare. In the unsupervised setting, an effective and theoretically-grounded principle is to train classifiers to distinguish normal data from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Matthew Lau , Tian-Yi Zhou , Xiangchi Yuan , Jizhou Chen , Wenke Lee , Xiaoming Huo

Recent Intrusion Detection System (IDS) research has increasingly moved towards the adoption of machine learning methods. However, most of these systems rely on supervised learning approaches, necessitating a fully labeled training set. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Maxime Gourceyraud , Rim Ben Salem , Christopher Neal , Frédéric Cuppens , Nora Boulahia Cuppens

Unsupervised domain adaptive object detection aims to adapt detectors from a labelled source domain to an unlabelled target domain. Most existing works take a two-stage strategy that first generates region proposals and then detects objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Dayan Guan , Jiaxing Huang , Aoran Xiao , Shijian Lu , Yanpeng Cao

Deep learning-based edge detectors heavily rely on pixel-wise labels which are often provided by multiple annotators. Existing methods fuse multiple annotations using a simple voting process, ignoring the inherent ambiguity of edges and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Caixia Zhou , Yaping Huang , Mengyang Pu , Qingji Guan , Li Huang , Haibin Ling

As modern networks grow increasingly complex--driven by diverse devices, encrypted protocols, and evolving threats--network traffic analysis has become critically important. Existing machine learning models often rely only on a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Mohan Gurusamy

The rapid evolution of cyberattacks continues to drive the emergence of unknown (zero-day) threats, posing significant challenges for network intrusion detection systems in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Existing machine learning and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Shan Ali , Feifei Niu , Paria Shirani , Lionel C. Briand

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) with incremental training is crucial in industrial manufacturing, as unpredictable defects make obtaining sufficient labeled data infeasible. However, continual learning methods primarily rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Jiaqi Liu , Kai Wu , Qiang Nie , Ying Chen , Bin-Bin Gao , Yong Liu , Jinbao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng

The proliferation of IoT devices has significantly increased network vulnerabilities, creating an urgent need for effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Machine Learning-based IDS (ML-IDS) offer advanced detection capabilities but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Elvin Li , Zhengli Shang , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

A key challenge in computer vision and deep learning is the definition of robust strategies for the detection of adversarial examples. Here, we propose the adoption of ensemble approaches to leverage the effectiveness of multiple detectors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Francesco Craighero , Fabrizio Angaroni , Fabio Stella , Chiara Damiani , Marco Antoniotti , Alex Graudenzi

Imperceptible adversarial attacks aim to fool DNNs by adding imperceptible perturbation to the input data. Previous methods typically improve the imperceptibility of attacks by integrating common attack paradigms with specifically designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jin Li , Ziqiang He , Anwei Luo , Jian-Fang Hu , Z. Jane Wang , Xiangui Kang

Anomaly detection has many applications ranging from bank-fraud detection and cyber-threat detection to equipment maintenance and health monitoring. However, choosing a suitable algorithm for a given application remains a challenging design…

Object detection methods have witnessed impressive improvements in the last years thanks to the design of novel neural network architectures and the availability of large scale datasets. However, current methods have a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Dario Fontanel , Matteo Tarantino , Fabio Cermelli , Barbara Caputo

The expansion of edge computing has increased the attack surface, creating an urgent need for robust, real-time machine learning (ML)-based host intrusion detection systems (HIDS) that balance accuracy and efficiency. In such settings,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Onat Gungor , Ishaan Kale , Jiasheng Zhou , Tajana Rosing