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As the digital landscape becomes more interconnected, the frequency and severity of zero-day attacks, have significantly increased, leading to an urgent need for innovative Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Machine Learning-based IDS that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Ippokratis Koukoulis , Ilias Syrigos , Thanasis Korakis

In this paper, we focus on addressing the challenges of detecting malicious attacks in networks by designing an advanced Explainable Intrusion Detection System (xIDS). The existing machine learning and deep learning approaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Muhammad Adil , Mian Ahmad Jan , Safayat Bin Hakim , Houbing Herbert Song , Zhanpeng Jin

Semi-supervised anomaly detection, which aims to improve the anomaly detection performance by using a small amount of labeled anomaly data in addition to unlabeled data, has attracted attention. Existing semi-supervised approaches assume…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-11 Hiroshi Takahashi , Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai , Yuuki Yamanaka

Deep learning models are widely employed in safety-critical applications yet remain susceptible to adversarial attacks -- imperceptible perturbations that can significantly degrade model performance. Conventional defense mechanisms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Eylon Mizrahi , Raz Lapid , Moshe Sipper

Machine Learning (ML) approaches have been used to enhance the detection capabilities of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs). Recent work has achieved near-perfect performance by following binary- and multi-class network anomaly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Mohanad Sarhan , Gayan Kulatilleke , Wai Weng Lo , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Intrusion detection is a traditional practice of security experts, however, there are several issues which still need to be tackled. Therefore, in this paper, after highlighting these issues, we present an architecture for a hybrid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Lynda Boukela , Gongxuan Zhang , Meziane Yacoub , Samia Bouzefrane

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, posing serious safety risks. To address this, existing detection methods either learn attack-specific parameters, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

Deep neural networks have achieved outstanding performance over various tasks, but they have a critical issue: over-confident predictions even for completely unknown samples. Many studies have been proposed to successfully filter out these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Jihyo Kim , Jiin Koo , Sangheum Hwang

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) plays a crucial role in identifying abnormal patterns within data without labeled examples, holding significant practical implications across various domains. Although the individual contributions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zeyu Fang , Ming Gu , Sheng Zhou , Jiawei Chen , Qiaoyu Tan , Haishuai Wang , Jiajun Bu

The growing complexity of encrypted network traffic presents dual challenges for modern network management: accurate multiclass classification of known applications and reliable detection of unknown traffic patterns. Although deep learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yali Yuan , Yu Huang , Xingjian Zeng , Hantao Mei , Guang Cheng

PAD and FFD are proposed to protect face data from physical media-based Presentation Attacks and digital editing-based DeepFakes, respectively. However, isolated training of these two models significantly increases vulnerability towards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ajian Liu , Haocheng Yuan , Xiao Guo , Hui Ma , Wanyi Zhuang , Changtao Miao , Yan Hong , Chuanbiao Song , Jun Lan , Qi Chu , Tao Gong , Yanyan Liang , Weiqiang Wang , Jun Wan , Xiaoming Liu , Zhen Lei

Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via wearable devices is vital for early cardiovascular disease detection. However, deploying deep learning models on resource-constrained microcontrollers faces reliability challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Mustafa Fuad Rifet Ibrahim , Maurice Meijer , Alexander Schlaefer , Peer Stelldinger

Security attacks are rising, as evidenced by the number of reported vulnerabilities. Among them, unknown attacks, including new variants of existing attacks, technical blind spots or previously undiscovered attacks, challenge enduring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Kushal Ramkumar , Wanling Cai , John McCarthy , Gavin Doherty , Bashar Nuseibeh , Liliana Pasquale

As the technological advancement and capabilities of automated systems have increased drastically, the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles for performing human-dependent tasks without human indulgence has also spiked. Since unmanned aerial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Yasir Ali Farrukh , Irfan Khan

As cyberattacks become increasingly sophisticated, advanced Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are critical for modern network security. Traditional signature-based NIDS are inadequate against zero-day and evolving attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Benyamin Tafreshian , Shengzhi Zhang

Abundant real-world data can be naturally represented by large-scale networks, which demands efficient and effective learning algorithms. At the same time, labels may only be available for some networks, which demands these algorithms to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Tao He , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Yuan-Fang Li

Network intrusion detection remains a critical challenge in cybersecurity. While supervised machine learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance, their reliance on large labelled datasets makes them impractical for many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jack Wilkie , Hanan Hindy , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

The visualization and detection of anomalies (outliers) are of crucial importance to many fields, particularly cybersecurity. Several approaches have been proposed in these fields, yet to the best of our knowledge, none of them has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Waleed A. Yousef , Issa Traore , William Briguglio

Anomaly detection is being regarded as an unsupervised learning task as anomalies stem from adversarial or unlikely events with unknown distributions. However, the predictive performance of purely unsupervised anomaly detection often fails…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-27 Nico Goernitz , Marius Micha Kloft , Konrad Rieck , Ulf Brefeld

Network operators are generally aware of common attack vectors that they defend against. For most networks the vast majority of traffic is legitimate. However new attack vectors are continually designed and attempted by bad actors which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Amir Ziai