Related papers: A Subjective Logic-based method for runtime confid…

Trusting software systems, particularly autonomous ones, is challenging. To address this, formal verification techniques can ensure these systems behave as expected. Runtime Verification (RV) is a leading, lightweight method for verifying…

Conformal prediction is a framework for predictive inference with a distribution-free, finite-sample guarantee. However, it tends to provide uninformative prediction sets when calibration data are scarce. This paper introduces…

This paper describes a method for creating compelling safety cases. The method seeks to help improve safety case practice in order to address the weaknesses identified in current practice, in particular confirmation bias, after-the-fact…

Online monitoring aims to evaluate or to predict, at runtime, whether or not the behaviors of a system satisfy some desired specification. It plays a key role in safety-critical cyber-physical systems. In this work, we propose a new…

Model-based safety analysis approaches aim at finding critical failure combinations by analysis of models of the whole system (i.e. software, hardware, failure modes and environment). The advantage of these methods compared to traditional…

Predictive monitoring -- making predictions about future states and monitoring if the predicted states satisfy requirements -- offers a promising paradigm in supporting the decision making of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Existing works of…

The safety of automated driving systems must be justified by convincing arguments and supported by compelling evidence to persuade certification agencies, regulatory entities, and the general public to allow the systems on public roads.…

Runtime verification or runtime monitoring equips safety-critical cyber-physical systems to augment design assurance measures and ensure operational safety and security. Cyber-physical systems have interaction failures, attack surfaces, and…

The recent success of reinforcement learning's (RL) in solving complex tasks is most often attributed to its capacity to explore and exploit an environment where it has been trained. Sample efficiency is usually not an issue since cheap…

We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

The rapid evolution to autonomous, agentic AI systems introduces significant risks due to their inherent unpredictability and emergent behaviors; this also renders traditional verification methods inadequate and necessitates a shift towards…

Over time, the performance of clinical prediction models may deteriorate due to changes in clinical management, data quality, disease risk and/or patient mix. Such prediction models must be updated in order to remain useful. Here, we…

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is an approach to statistical inference where simulations from an assumed model are used to construct estimators and confidence sets. SBI is often used when the likelihood is intractable and to construct…

As the development of autonomous vehicles progresses, efficient safety assurance methods become increasingly necessary. Safety assurance methods such as monitoring and scenario-based testing call for formalisation of driving scenarios. In…

Online monitoring is an effective validation approach for hybrid systems, that, at runtime, checks whether the (partial) signals of a system satisfy a specification in, e.g., Signal Temporal Logic (STL). The classic STL monitoring is…

The emergence of the Industrial Internet results in an increasing number of complicated temporal interdependencies between automation systems and the processes to be controlled. There is a need for verification methods that scale better…

This paper addresses the problem of maintaining safety during training in Reinforcement Learning (RL), such that the safety constraint violations are bounded at any point during learning. In a variety of RL applications the safety of the…

This paper investigates the online monitoring problem for cyber-physical systems under signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. The objective is to design an online monitor that evaluates system correctness at runtime based on partial…

Computers may control safety-critical operations in machines having embedded software. This memoir proposes a regimen to verify such algorithms at prescribed levels of statistical confidence. The United States Department of Defense standard…

We address the problem of safely learning controlled stochastic dynamics from discrete-time trajectory observations, ensuring system trajectories remain within predefined safe regions during both training and deployment. Safety-critical…