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For a reduction in environmental pollution and dependency on petroleum, electric vehicles (EV) present an advantageous alternative to traditionally fossil-fuel powered automobiles. Rapid growth in the number of EVs requires an urgent need…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Anna Elisabeth Kastner , Peter Greistorfer , Rostislav Staněk

Demand for electric vehicles (EVs), and thus EV charging, has steadily increased over the last decade. However, there is limited fast-charging infrastructure in most parts of the world to support EV travel, especially long-distance trips.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-18 Dingtong Yang , Navjyoth J. S. Sarma , Michael Hyland , R. Jayakrishnan

Strategic interaction in congested systems is commonly modelled using Stackelberg games, where competing leaders anticipate the behaviour of self-interested followers. A key limitation of existing models is that they typically ignore agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Niloofar Aminikalibar , Farzaneh Farhadi , Maria Chli

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly prevalent nowadays, with studies highlighting their potential as mobile energy storage systems to provide grid support. Realising this potential requires effective charging coordination,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Jun Kang Yap , Vishnu Monn Baskaran , Wen Shan Tan , Ze Yang Ding , Hao Wang , David L. Dowe

A major challenge in todays power grid is to manage the increasing load from electric vehicle (EV) charging. Demand response (DR) solutions aim to exploit flexibility therein, i.e., the ability to shift EV charging in time and thus avoid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Manu Lahariya , Nasrin Sadeghianpourhamami , Chris Develder

As electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing year after year, there is no doubt that EVs will occupy a significant portion of transporting vehicle in the near future. Although EVs have benefits for environment, large amount of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-09 Yingqi Xiong , Behnam Khaki , Chi-cheng Chu , Rajit Gadh

Electric car-sharing systems are pivotal for sustainable urban mobility, but their strategic design is complicated by operational constraints, particularly those arising from the charging needs of electric vehicles. The success of these…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Jue Zhou , Zoha Sherkat-Masoumi , Merve Bodur

This paper presents the equilibrium analysis of a game composed of heterogeneous electric vehicles (EVs) and a power distribution system operator (DSO) as the players, and charging station operators (CSOs) and a transportation network…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Babak Ghaffarzadeh Bakhshayesh , Hamed Kebriaei

The charging load from Electric vehicles (EVs) is modeled as deferrable load, meaning that the power consumption can be shifted to different time windows to achieve various grid objectives. In local community scenarios, EVs are considered…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-02-06 Bin Wang , Dai Wang , Cy Chan , Rongxin Yin , Doug Black

The increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption challenges the energy management of charging stations (CSs) due to the large number of EVs and the underlying uncertainties. Moreover, the carbon footprint of CSs is growing significantly due to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-13 Dongxiang Yan , Shihan Huang , Sen Li , Xiaoyi Fan , Yue Chen

This paper addresses the critical integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the electricity grid, which is essential for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. The rapid increase in EV adoption poses significant challenges to the existing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Kristoffer Christensen , Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen , Zheng Grace Ma

With the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), maintaining power grid stability has become a significant challenge. To address this issue, EV charging control strategies have been developed to manage the switch between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-21 Junkai Qian , Yuning Jiang , Xin Liu , Qing Wang , Ting Wang , Yuanming Shi , Wei Chen

With the recent advances in mobile energy storage technologies, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a crucial part of smart grids. When EVs participate in the demand response program, the charging cost can be significantly reduced by taking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Zixuan Zhang , Yuning Jiang , Yuanming Shi , Ye Shi , Wei Chen

The operation of the power grid is becoming more stressed, due to the addition of new large loads represented by Electric Vehicles (EVs) and a more intermittent supply due to the incorporation of renewable sources. As a consequence, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-15 Islam Safak Bayram , George Michailidis , Michael Devetsikiotis

Public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is crucial for accelerating EV adoption and reducing transportation emissions; however, disparities in infrastructure access have raised significant equity concerns. This systematic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Boyou Chen , Kaihan Zhang , Austin Moore , Bochen Jia , Mengqiu Cao

The rise of battery-powered vehicles has led to many new technical and methodological hurdles. Among these, the efficient planning of an electric fleet to fulfill passenger transportation requests still represents a major challenge. This is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Axel Parmentier , Rafael Martinelli , Thibaut Vidal

The main objective of this paper is to design electric vehicle (EV) charging policies which minimize the impact of charging on the electricity distribution network (DN). More precisely, the considered cost function results from a linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-25 Olivier Beaude , Samson Lasaulce , Martin Hennebel , Jamal Daafouz

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the transition towards sustainable modes of transportation and thus are critical to the energy transition. As their number grows, managing the aggregate power of EV charging is crucial to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Nanda Kishor Panda , Simon H. Tindemans

This paper introduces an Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) model that incorporates real-world constraints, such as slot power limitations, contract threshold overruns penalties, or early disconnections of electric vehicles (EVs). We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Alban Puech , Tristan Rigaut , William Templier , Maud Tournoud

We study the problem of phase optimization for electric-vehicle (EV) charging. We formulate our problem as a non-convex mixed-integer programming problem whose objective is to minimize the charging loss. Despite the hardness of directly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-24 Zixin Ye , Tongxin Li , Steven H. Low