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We develop a strong diagnostic for bubbles and crashes in bitcoin, by analyzing the coincidence (and its absence) of fundamental and technical indicators. Using a generalized Metcalfe's law based on network properties, a fundamental value…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-03-16 Spencer Wheatley , Didier Sornette , Tobias Huber , Max Reppen , Robert N. Gantner

Bitcoin is a "crypto currency", a decentralized electronic payment scheme based on cryptography which has recently gained excessive popularity. Scientific research on bitcoin is less abundant. A paper at Financial Cryptography 2012…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-11 Nicolas T. Courtois , Marek Grajek , Rahul Naik

When analyzing Bitcoin users' balance distribution, we observed that it follows a log-normal pattern. Drawing parallels from the successful application of Gibrat's law of proportional growth in explaining city size and word frequency…

General Economics · Economics 2024-09-17 Yu Zhang , Claudio Tessone

Bitcoin as a cryptocurrency has been one of the most important digital coins and the first decentralized digital currency. Deep neural networks, on the other hand, has shown promising results recently; however, we require huge amount of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-14 Parth Daxesh Modi , Kamyar Arshi , Pertami J. Kunz , Abdelhak M. Zoubir

We construct the Bitcoin User Network (BUN) directly from raw blockchain data up to late 2025, which allows us to explore its mesoscopic properties and trace its temporal evolution. In particular, we analyze the structure of connected…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Myriam Nonaka , F. Javier Marín-Rodríguez , Alexander Jiricny , Miguel Romance , Regino Criado , Sergio Iglesias-Pérez , Alberto Partida

The mining of bitcoin is modeled using system dynamics, showing that the past evolution of the network hash rate can be explained to a large extent by an efficient market hypothesis applied to the mining of blocks. The possibility of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Davide Lasi , Lukas Saul

The uncertainties in future Bitcoin price make it difficult to accurately predict the price of Bitcoin. Accurately predicting the price for Bitcoin is therefore important for decision-making process of investors and market players in the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-09-04 Samuel Asante Gyamerah

Currently, there is no consensus on the real properties of Bitcoin. The discussion comprises its use as a speculative or safe haven assets, while other authors argue that the augmented attractiveness could end accomplishing money's…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2017-06-06 Obryan Poyser

The paper studies the linear model for Bitcoin price which includes regression features based on Bitcoin currency statistics, mining processes, Google search trends, Wikipedia pages visits. The pattern of deviation of regression model…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-01-11 Bohdan M. Pavlyshenko

Bitcoin is considered the most valuable currency in the world. Besides being highly valuable, its value has also experienced a steep increase, from around 1 dollar in 2010 to around 18000 in 2017. Then, in recent years, it has attracted…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Amin Azari

Simple closed-form upper and lower bounds are developed for the security of the Nakamoto consensus as a function of the confirmation depth, the honest and adversarial block mining rates, and an upper bound on the block propagation delay.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Dongning Guo , Ling Ren

Bitcoin operates as a macroeconomic paradox: it combines a strictly predetermined, inelastic monetary issuance schedule with a stochastic, highly elastic demand for scarce block space. This paper empirically validates the Endogenous…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-10 Hamoon Soleimani

Bitcoin is one of the cryptocurrencies that is gaining more popularity in recent years. Previous studies have shown that closing price alone is not enough to forecast stock market series. We introduce a new set of time series and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Stefano Sossi-Rojas , Gissel Velarde , Damian Zieba

What happens to mining when the Bitcoin price changes, when there are mining supply shocks, the price of energy changes, or hardware technology evolves? We give precise answers based on the technical forces and incentives in the system. We…

General Economics · Economics 2022-01-21 Nemo Semret

In this paper we revisit some major orthodoxies which lie at the heart of the bitcoin crypto currency and its numerous clones. In particular we look at The Longest Chain Rule, the monetary supply policies and the exact mechanisms which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Nicolas T. Courtois

We empirically verify that the market capitalisations of coins and tokens in the cryptocurrency universe follow power-law distributions with significantly different values, with the tail exponent falling between 0.5 and 0.7 for coins, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-04-11 Ke Wu , Spencer Wheatley , Didier Sornette

This study investigates the volatility of daily Bitcoin returns and multifractal properties of the Bitcoin market by employing the rolling window method and examines relationships between the volatility asymmetry and market efficiency.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-18 Tetsuya Takaishi

The Bitcoin Lightning Network (BLN) was launched in 2018 to scale up the number of transactions between Bitcoin owners. Although several contributions concerning the analysis of the BLN binary structure have recently appeared in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-02 Jian-Hong Lin , Emiliano Marchese , Claudio J. Tessone , Tiziano Squartini

Prediction of stock prices has been a crucial and challenging task, especially in the case of highly volatile digital currencies such as Bitcoin. This research examineS the potential of using neural network models, namely LSTMs and GRUs, to…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-15 Ali Mohammadjafari

Digital currencies have become popular in the last decade due to their non-dependency and decentralized nature. The price of these currencies has seen a lot of fluctuations at times, which has increased the need for prediction. As their…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-24 Ramin Mousa , Meysam Afrookhteh , Hooman Khaloo , Amir Ali Bengari , Gholamreza Heidary