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Interaction between the background vehicles (BVs) and automated vehicles (AVs) in scenario-based testing plays a critical role in evaluating the intelligence of the AVs. Current testing scenarios typically employ predefined or scripted BVs,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Yining Ma , Wei Jiang , Lingtong Zhang , Junyi Chen , Hong Wang , Chen Lv , Xuesong Wang , Lu Xiong

Video generation models, as one form of world models, have emerged as one of the most exciting frontiers in AI, promising agents the ability to imagine the future by modeling the temporal evolution of complex scenes. In autonomous driving,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yang Zhou , Hao Shao , Letian Wang , Zhuofan Zong , Hongsheng Li , Steven L. Waslander

Over the past few years there is a growing interest in the learning-based self driving system. To ensure safety, such systems are first developed and validated in simulators before being deployed in the real world. However, most of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Quanyi Li , Zhenghao Peng , Qihang Zhang , Chunxiao Liu , Bolei Zhou

Designing diverse and safety-critical driving scenarios is essential for evaluating autonomous driving systems. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for few-shot code generation to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yongjie Fu , Ruijian Zha , Pei Tian , Xuan Di

Safety-critical corner cases, difficult to collect in the real world, are crucial for evaluating end-to-end autonomous driving. Adversarial interaction is an effective method to generate such safety-critical corner cases. While existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaheng Geng , Jiatong Du , Xinyu Zhang , Ye Li , Panqu Wang , Yanjun Huang

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require extensive testing in simulation, but test case generation for driving scenarios is laborious. The desired scenarios are often out-of-distribution and have precise requirements on interactions with the AV…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Frieda Rong , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

Generating photorealistic driving videos has seen significant progress recently, but current methods largely focus on ordinary, non-adversarial scenarios. Meanwhile, efforts to generate adversarial driving scenarios often operate on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zhiyuan Xu , Bohan Li , Huan-ang Gao , Mingju Gao , Yong Chen , Ming Liu , Chenxu Yan , Hang Zhao , Shuo Feng , Hao Zhao

Testing autonomous driving systems for safety and reliability is extremely complex. A primary challenge is identifying the relevant test scenarios, especially the critical ones that may expose hazards or risks of harm to autonomous vehicles…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

This scientific publication focuses on the efficient application of boundary value analysis in the testing of corner cases for kinematic-based safety-critical driving scenarios within the domain of autonomous driving. Corner cases, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Nico Schick

Ensuring the safety and robustness of autonomous driving systems necessitates a comprehensive evaluation in safety-critical scenarios. However, these safety-critical scenarios are rare and difficult to collect from real-world driving data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Mingxing Peng , Yuting Xie , Xusen Guo , Ruoyu Yao , Hai Yang , Jun Ma

The automated generation of diverse and complex training scenarios has been an important ingredient in many complex learning tasks. Especially in real-world application domains, such as autonomous driving, auto-curriculum generation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Axel Brunnbauer , Luigi Berducci , Peter Priller , Dejan Nickovic , Radu Grosu

Semantic scene understanding is crucial for robotics and computer vision applications. In autonomous driving, 3D semantic segmentation plays an important role for enabling safe navigation. Despite significant advances in the field, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Lucas Nunes , Rodrigo Marcuzzi , Jens Behley , Cyrill Stachniss

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Daniel J. Fremont , Edward Kim , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sanjit A. Seshia , Atul Acharya , Xantha Bruso , Paul Wells , Steve Lemke , Qiang Lu , Shalin Mehta

Assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents, yet existing methods rely on expensive human annotations or computationally intensive Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). These approaches are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Anil Yildiz , Sarah M. Thornton , Carl Hildebrandt , Sreeja Roy-Singh , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Autonomous vehicles (AV) depend on the sensors like RADAR and camera for the perception of the environment, path planning, and control. With the increasing autonomy and interactions with the complex environment, there have been growing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Abu Hasnat Mohammad Rubaiyat , Yongming Qin , Homa Alemzadeh

Recent agentic systems demonstrate that large language models can generate scientific visualizations from natural language. However, reliability remains a major limitation: systems may execute invalid operations, introduce subtle but…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Nathaniel Gorski , Shusen Liu , Bei Wang

We propose a new probabilistic programming language for the design and analysis of perception systems, especially those based on machine learning. Specifically, we consider the problems of training a perception system to handle rare events,…

Simulation has become a key tool for training and evaluating home robots at scale, yet existing environments fail to capture the diversity and physical complexity of real indoor spaces. Current scene synthesis methods produce sparsely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Nicholas Pfaff , Thomas Cohn , Sergey Zakharov , Rick Cory , Russ Tedrake

Despite recent advancements in single-domain or single-object image generation, it is still challenging to generate complex scenes containing diverse, multiple objects and their interactions. Scene graphs, composed of nodes as objects and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Sarthak Garg , Helisa Dhamo , Azade Farshad , Sabrina Musatian , Nassir Navab , Federico Tombari