Related papers: Causal Past Logic for Runtime Verification of Dist…

Model checking for real-timed systems is a rich and diverse topic. Among the different logics considered, Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) is a powerful and commonly used logic, which can succinctly encode many interesting timed…

We present a new temporal logic called Distribution Temporal Logic (DTL) defined over predicates of belief states and hidden states of partially observable systems. DTL can express properties involving uncertainty and likelihood that cannot…

Two new logics for verification of hyperproperties are proposed. Hyperproperties characterize security policies, such as noninterference, as a property of sets of computation paths. Standard temporal logics such as LTL, CTL, and CTL* can…

Temporal Logic (TL) guided control problems have gained interests in recent years. By using the TL, one can specify a wide range of temporal constraints on the system and is widely used in cyber-physical systems. On the other hand, Control…

Backtesting LLMs on resolved events assumes models reason only from pre-cutoff knowledge, yet pretrained models inevitably leak post-cutoff knowledge. We introduce a claim-level evaluation framework that decomposes prediction rationales…

The paper is focused on temporal logics for the description of the behaviour of real-time pushdown reactive systems. The paper is motivated to bridge tractable logics specialized for expressing separately dense-time real-time properties and…

Logic-based models can be used to build verification tools for machine learning classifiers employed in the legal field. ML classifiers predict the outcomes of new cases based on previous ones, thereby performing a form of case-based…

Monitoring is a runtime verification technique that allows one to check whether an ongoing computation of a system (partial trace) satisfies a given formula. It does not need a complete model of the system, but it typically requires the…

We present a logic that extends CTL (Computation Tree Logic) with operators that express synchronization properties. A property is synchronized in a system if it holds in all paths of a certain length. The new logic is obtained by using the…

Understanding temporal and causal relations between events is a fundamental natural language understanding task. Because a cause must be before its effect in time, temporal and causal relations are closely related and one relation even…

A temporal logic is presented for reasoning about the correctness of timed concurrent constraint programs. The logic is based on modalities which allow one to specify what a process produces as a reaction to what its environment inputs.…

Scaling laws have allowed Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) into the field of causal reasoning. Causal reasoning of PLM relies solely on text-based descriptions, in contrast to causal discovery which aims to determine the causal…

MITL is a temporal logic that facilitates the verification of real-time systems by expressing the critical timing constraints placed on these systems. MITL specifications can be checked against system models expressed as networks of timed…

We introduce $\textit{PCFTL (Probabilistic CounterFactual Temporal Logic)}$, a new probabilistic temporal logic for the verification of Markov Decision Processes (MDP). PCFTL is the first to include operators for causal reasoning, allowing…

Many complex scenarios require the coordination of agents possessing unique points of view and distinct semantic commitments. In response, standpoint logic (SL) was introduced in the context of knowledge integration, allowing one to reason…

Verifying LLM-generated systems code is hard: bugs are prevalent, formal specifications are missing, and safety contracts are encoded implicitly at call sites rather than enforced at function boundaries. We propose agentic model checking, a…

Causality is essential for understanding complex systems, such as the economy, the brain, and the climate. Constructing causal graphs often relies on either data-driven or expert-driven approaches, both fraught with challenges. The former…

Runtime monitoring of autonomous systems traditionally relies on mapping continuous sensor observations to discrete logical propositions defined over low-dimensional state variables. This abstraction breaks down in perception-driven…

In this paper, we propose a new logic for expressing and reasoning about probabilistic hyperproperties. Hyperproperties characterize the relation between different independent executions of a system. Probabilistic hyperproperties express…

Concurrent systems identify systems, either software, hardware or even biological systems, that are characterized by sets of independent actions that can be executed in any order or simultaneously. Computer scientists resort to a causal…