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Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training among geographically distributed and heterogeneous devices without gathering their data. Extending FL beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Jin Wang , Jia Hu , Jed Mills , Geyong Min , Ming Xia

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed framework for collaborative model training over large-scale distributed data, enabling higher performance while maintaining client data privacy. However, the nature of model aggregation at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ali Murad , Bo Hui , Wei-Shinn Ku

Federated Learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving multi-source information fusion (MSIF) but is challenged by client drift in highly heterogeneous data settings. Many existing drift-mitigation strategies rely on reference-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jungwon Seo , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Chunming Rong , Kibeom Hong , Minhoe Kim

Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed learning framework that can reduce privacy risks by not explicitly sharing private data. In this work, we explicitly uncover external covariate shift problem in FL, which is caused by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhixu Du , Jingwei Sun , Ang Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianyi Zhang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed paradigm that coordinates massive local clients to collaboratively train a global model via stage-wise local training processes on the heterogeneous dataset. Previous works have implicitly studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Yan Sun , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

Federated learning (FL) facilitates collaborative model training among multiple clients while preserving data privacy, often resulting in enhanced performance compared to models trained by individual clients. However, factors such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yunjie Fang , Sheng Wu , Tao Yang , Xiaofeng Wu , Bo Hu

Federated learning (FL) as a promising edge-learning framework can effectively address the latency and privacy issues by featuring distributed learning at the devices and model aggregation in the central server. In order to enable efficient…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Chunmei Xu , Shengheng Liu , Zhaohui Yang , Yongming Huang , Kai-Kit Wong

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed edge devices while preserving data privacy, and typically operates in a round-based synchronous manner. However, synchronous FL suffers from latency bottlenecks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Asaf Goren , Natalie Lang , Nir Shlezinger , Alejandro Cohen

Federated Learning (FL) trains deep models across edge devices without centralizing raw data, preserving user privacy. However, client heterogeneity slows down convergence and limits global model accuracy. Clustered FL (CFL) mitigates this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Minghao Li , Dmitrii Avdiukhin , Rana Shahout , Nikita Ivkin , Vladimir Braverman , Minlan Yu

Conventional federated learning (FL) trains one global model for a federation of clients with decentralized data, reducing the privacy risk of centralized training. However, the distribution shift across non-IID datasets, often poses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Jun Luo , Shandong Wu

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model while keeping their own data private. With an increasing scale of clients and models, FL encounters two key challenges, client drift due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jianhui Sun , Xidong Wu , Heng Huang , Aidong Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a fundamental learning paradigm to harness massive data scattered at geo-distributed edge devices in a privacy-preserving way. Given the heterogeneous deployment of edge devices, however, their data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Mulei Ma , Chenyu Gong , Liekang Zeng , Yang Yang , Liantao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for decentralized machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across diverse clients without sharing raw data. However, traditional FL approaches often face limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Ali Forootani , Raffaele Iervolino

Asynchronous federated learning (FL) with heterogeneous clients faces two key issues: curvature-induced loss barriers encountered by standard linear parameter interpolation techniques (e.g. FedAvg) and interference from stale updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Archie Licudi , Anshul Thakur , Soheila Molaei , Danielle Belgrave , David Clifton

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients while preserving data privacy, yet faces challenges in non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) settings due to client drift, which impairs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohammad Partohaghighi , Roummel Marcia , Bruce J. West , YangQuan Chen

Federated learning (FL) enables learning from decentralized privacy-sensitive data, with computations on raw data confined to take place at edge clients. This paper introduces mixed FL, which incorporates an additional loss term calculated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Sean Augenstein , Andrew Hard , Lin Ning , Karan Singhal , Satyen Kale , Kurt Partridge , Rajiv Mathews

The development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has brought about comprehensive urban traffic information that not only provides convenience to urban residents in their daily lives but also enhances the efficiency of urban road…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Rongqing Zhang , Hanqiu Wang , Bing Li , Xiang Cheng , Liuqing Yang

Federated learning (FL) is a popular privacy-preserving edge-to-cloud technique used for training and deploying artificial intelligence (AI) models on edge devices. FL aims to secure local client data while also collaboratively training a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Evan Gronberg , Liv d'Aliberti , Magnus Saebo , Aurora Hook

Federated Learning (FL) is transforming the ML training ecosystem from a centralized over-the-cloud setting to distributed training over edge devices in order to strengthen data privacy. An essential but rarely studied challenge in FL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Chaoyang He , Zhengyu Yang , Erum Mushtaq , Sunwoo Lee , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Salman Avestimehr

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising approach for training clinical AI models without centralizing sensitive patient data. However, its real-world adoption is hindered by challenges related to privacy, resource constraints, and…