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In-context learning (ICL) enables models to adapt to new tasks via inference-time demonstrations. Despite its success in large language models, the extension of ICL to multimodal settings remains poorly understood in terms of its internal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yu Wang , Sharon Li

Advancing the frontier of subquadratic architectures for Language Models (LMs) is crucial in the rapidly evolving field of natural language processing. Current innovations, including State Space Models, were initially celebrated for…

Time-series foundation models (TSFMs) have demonstrated strong generalization capabilities across diverse datasets and tasks. However, existing foundation models are typically pre-trained to enhance performance on specific tasks and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shangqing Xu , Harshavardhan Kamarthi , Haoxin Liu , B. Aditya Prakash

Large language models (LLMs) excel at operating at scale by leveraging social media and various data crawled from the web. Whereas existing corpora are diverse, their frequent lack of long-term temporal structure may however limit an LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Niharika Hegde , Subarnaduti Paul , Lars Joel-Frey , Manuel Brack , Kristian Kersting , Martin Mundt , Patrick Schramowski

Spatio-temporal forecasting plays a crucial role in various sectors such as transportation systems, logistics, and supply chain management. However, existing methods are limited by their ability to handle large, complex datasets. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Chidaksh Ravuru , Geethan Sannidhi , Venkataramana Runkana

Foundational models are able to generate text outputs given prompt instructions and text, audio, or image inputs. Recently these models have been combined to perform tasks on video, such as video summarization. Such video foundation models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Karan Samel , Apoorva Beedu , Nitish Sontakke , Irfan Essa

While many advances in time series models focus exclusively on numerical data, research on multimodal time series, particularly those involving contextual textual information, remains in its infancy. With recent progress in large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihao Li , Xiao Lin , Zhining Liu , Jiaru Zou , Ziwei Wu , Lecheng Zheng , Dongqi Fu , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

Transformer-based multimodal large language models often exhibit in-context learning (ICL) abilities. Motivated by this phenomenon, we ask: how do transformers learn to associate information across modalities from in-context examples? We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yiran Huang , Karsten Roth , Quentin Bouniot , Wenjia Xu , Zeynep Akata

Real-world time series often exhibit strong non-stationarity, complex nonlinear dynamics, and behavior expressed across multiple temporal scales, from rapid local fluctuations to slow-evolving long-range trends. However, many contemporary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sumit S Shevtekar , Chandresh K Maurya

Multiscale feature hierarchies have been witnessed the success in the computer vision area. This further motivates researchers to design multiscale Transformer for natural language processing, mostly based on the self-attention mechanism.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Bei Li , Tong Zheng , Yi Jing , Chengbo Jiao , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

We introduce Sundial, a family of native, flexible, and scalable time series foundation models. To predict the next-patch's distribution, we propose a TimeFlow Loss based on flow-matching, which facilitates native pre-training of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yong Liu , Guo Qin , Zhiyuan Shi , Zhi Chen , Caiyin Yang , Xiangdong Huang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Document-level machine translation manages to outperform sentence level models by a small margin, but have failed to be widely adopted. We argue that previous research did not make a clear use of the global context, and propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Zaixiang Zheng , Xiang Yue , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen , Alexandra Birch

We introduce MOMENT, a family of open-source foundation models for general-purpose time series analysis. Pre-training large models on time series data is challenging due to (1) the absence of a large and cohesive public time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Mononito Goswami , Konrad Szafer , Arjun Choudhry , Yifu Cai , Shuo Li , Artur Dubrawski

The emerging paradigm of leveraging pretrained large language models (LLMs) for time series forecasting has predominantly employed linguistic-temporal modality alignment strategies through token-level or layer-wise feature mapping. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Siming Sun , Kai Zhang , Xuejun Jiang , Wenchao Meng , Qinmin Yang

Large-scale foundation models (LFMs) have recently made impressive progress in text-to-motion generation by learning strong generative priors from massive 3D human motion datasets and paired text descriptions. However, how to effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiaoyan Cong , Zekun Li , Zhiyang Dou , Hongyu Li , Omid Taheri , Chuan Guo , Abhay Mittal , Sizhe An , Taku Komura , Wojciech Matusik , Michael J. Black , Srinath Sridhar

Unlike natural language processing and computer vision, the development of Foundation Models (FMs) for time series forecasting is blocked due to data scarcity. While recent efforts are focused on building such FMs by unlocking the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qingxiang Liu , Xu Liu , Chenghao Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang

The recent rapid advancements in language models (LMs) have garnered attention in medical time series-text multimodal learning. However, existing contrastive learning-based and prompt-based LM approaches tend to be biased, often assigning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiexia Ye , Weiqi Zhang , Ziyue Li , Jia Li , Meng Zhao , Fugee Tsung

Normalization techniques are crucial for enhancing Transformer models' performance and stability in time series analysis tasks, yet traditional methods like batch and layer normalization often lead to issues such as token shift, attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Nan Huang , Christian Kümmerle , Xiang Zhang

For the advancements of time series classification, scrutinizing previous studies, most existing methods adopt a common learning-to-classify paradigm - a time series classifier model tries to learn the relation between sequence inputs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Mingyue Cheng , Yiheng Chen , Qi Liu , Zhiding Liu , Yucong Luo

Large pre-trained sequence models, such as transformer-based architectures, have been recently shown to have the capacity to carry out in-context learning (ICL). In ICL, a decision on a new input is made via a direct mapping of the input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Matteo Zecchin , Kai Yu , Osvaldo Simeone