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While LLM-based agents excel at planning and executing long action sequences, their execution often remains inconsistent across trials, limiting reliability. Consolidating agent consistency requires distilling trial-error trajectories into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zihan Huang , Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Qianqi Yan , Rohan Surana , Uttaran Bhattacharya , Lina Yao , Xin Eric Wang , Julian McAuley

We revisit offline reinforcement learning on episodic time-homogeneous Markov Decision Processes (MDP). For tabular MDP with $S$ states and $A$ actions, or linear MDP with anchor points and feature dimension $d$, given the collected $K$…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-11 Tongzheng Ren , Jialian Li , Bo Dai , Simon S. Du , Sujay Sanghavi

We study computational and statistical aspects of learning Latent Markov Decision Processes (LMDPs). In this model, the learner interacts with an MDP drawn at the beginning of each epoch from an unknown mixture of MDPs. To sidestep known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Fan Chen , Constantinos Daskalakis , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

We present the first gap-dependent analysis of regret and communication cost for on-policy federated $Q$-Learning in tabular episodic finite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs). Existing FRL methods focus on worst-case scenarios,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-19 Haochen Zhang , Zhong Zheng , Lingzhou Xue

One of the challenges for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is designing efficient learning algorithms for a large system in which each agent has only limited or partial information of the entire system. While exciting progress has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Haotian Gu , Xin Guo , Xiaoli Wei , Renyuan Xu

Split learning (SL) has been recently proposed as a way to enable resource-constrained devices to train multi-parameter neural networks (NNs) and participate in federated learning (FL). In a nutshell, SL splits the NN model into parts, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Joana Tirana , Dimitra Tsigkari , George Iosifidis , Dimitris Chatzopoulos

We consider a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem where each agent seeks to maximize a shared reward while interacting with other agents, and they may or may not be able to communicate. Typically the agents do not have access to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Alex Tong Lin , Mark J. Debord , Katia Estabridis , Gary Hewer , Guido Montufar , Stanley Osher

Achieving and maintaining cooperation between agents to accomplish a common objective is one of the central goals of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Nevertheless in many real-world scenarios, separately trained and specialized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Bengisu Guresti , Abdullah Vanlioglu , Nazim Kemal Ure

Reinforcement learning in non-stationary environments is challenging due to abrupt and unpredictable changes in dynamics, often causing traditional algorithms to fail to converge. However, in many real-world cases, non-stationarity has some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Mohsen Amiri , Sindri Magnússon

We study the problem of zero-delay coding for the transmission of a Markov source over a noisy channel with feedback and present a reinforcement learning solution which is guaranteed to achieve near-optimality. To this end, we formulate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Liam Cregg , Fady Alajaji , Serdar Yuksel

We study a system with finitely many groups of multi-action bandit processes, each of which is a Markov decision process (MDP) with finite state and action spaces and potentially different transition matrices when taking different actions.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Jing Fu , Bill Moran , José Niño-Mora

Inspection and maintenance (I&M) planning involves sequential decision making under uncertainties and incomplete information, and can be modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). While single-agent deep…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Prateek Bhustali , Pablo G. Morato , Konstantinos G. Papakonstantinou , Charalampos P. Andriotis

In Markov decision processes (MDPs), quantile risk measures such as Value-at-Risk are a standard metric for modeling RL agents' preferences for certain outcomes. This paper proposes a new Q-learning algorithm for quantile optimization in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jia Lin Hau , Erick Delage , Esther Derman , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Marek Petrik

We consider model-free reinforcement learning for infinite-horizon discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a continuous state space and unknown transition kernel, when only a single sample path under an arbitrary policy of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Devavrat Shah , Qiaomin Xie

Experimental advances enabling high-resolution external control create new opportunities to produce materials with exotic properties. In this work, we investigate how a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach can be used to design…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-11-15 Shriram Chennakesavalu , Grant M. Rotskoff

A supervised learning framework is proposed to approximate a model predictive controller (MPC) with reduced computational complexity and guarantees on stability and constraint satisfaction. The framework can be used for a wide class of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Michael Hertneck , Johannes Köhler , Sebastian Trimpe , Frank Allgöwer

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in infinite-horizon discounted zero-sum Markov games. We focus on the practical but challenging setting of decentralized MARL, where agents make decisions without coordination by a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Muhammed O. Sayin , Kaiqing Zhang , David S. Leslie , Tamer Basar , Asuman Ozdaglar

In data-driven decision-making in marketing, healthcare, and education, it is desirable to utilize a large amount of data from existing ventures to navigate high-dimensional feature spaces and address data scarcity in new ventures. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Elynn Chen , Xi Chen , Wenbo Jing

We study online learning in episodic constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs), where the learner aims at collecting as much reward as possible over the episodes, while satisfying some long-term constraints during the learning process.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in language tasks but often lack collaborative awareness and struggle to optimize global performance in multi-agent settings. We present a reinforcement learning-augmented LLM agent framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Dong Qiu , Duo Xu , Limengxi Yue