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We study empirical scaling laws for language model merging measured by cross-entropy. Despite its wide practical use, merging lacks a quantitative rule that predicts returns as we add experts or scale the model size. We identify a compact…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuanyi Wang , Yanggan Gu , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhou , Zhaoyi Yan , Congkai Xie , Xinyao Wang , Jianbo Yuan , Hongxia Yang

Mixed-Modal Image Retrieval (MMIR) as a flexible search paradigm has attracted wide attention. However, previous approaches always achieve limited performance, due to two critical factors are seriously overlooked. 1) The contribution of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Fuxiang Huang , Lei Zhang , Xiaowei Fu , Suqi Song

Multi-frame methods improve monocular depth estimation over single-frame approaches by aggregating spatial-temporal information via feature matching. However, the spatial-temporal feature leads to accuracy degradation in dynamic scenes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Jiquan Zhong , Xiaolin Huang , Xiao Yu

Generalist robot policies, trained on large and diverse datasets, have demonstrated the ability to generalize across a wide spectrum of behaviors, enabling a single policy to act in varied real-world environments. However, they still fall…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yajat Yadav , Zhiyuan Zhou , Andrew Wagenmaker , Karl Pertsch , Sergey Levine

Model merging integrates multiple task-specific models into a single consolidated one. Recent research has made progress in improving merging performance for in-distribution or multi-task scenarios, but domain generalization in model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Levy Chaves , Chao Zhou , Rebekka Burkholz , Eduardo Valle , Sandra Avila

The democratization of machine learning systems has made the process of fine-tuning accessible to practitioners, leading to a wide range of open-source models fine-tuned on specialized tasks and datasets. Recent work has proposed to merge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Anshul Nasery , Jonathan Hayase , Pang Wei Koh , Sewoong Oh

Data mixing augmentation have proved to be effective in improving the generalization ability of deep neural networks. While early methods mix samples by hand-crafted policies (e.g., linear interpolation), recent methods utilize saliency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Zicheng Liu , Siyuan Li , Di Wu , Zihan Liu , Zhiyuan Chen , Lirong Wu , Stan Z. Li

Recently, a number of image-mixing-based augmentation techniques have been introduced to improve the generalization of deep neural networks. In these techniques, two or more randomly selected natural images are mixed together to generate an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Khawar Islam , Muhammad Zaigham Zaheer , Arif Mahmood , Karthik Nandakumar

Continual Model Merging (CMM) sequentially integrates task-specific models into a unified architecture without intensive retraining. However, existing CMM methods are hindered by a fundamental saturation-redundancy dilemma: backbone-centric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haiyun Qiu , Xingyu Wu , Kay Chen Tan

Diffusion models are trained by learning a sequence of models that reverse each step of noise corruption. Typically, the model parameters are fully shared across multiple timesteps to enhance training efficiency. However, since the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Qianli Ma , Xuefei Ning , Dongrui Liu , Li Niu , Linfeng Zhang

Model merging aims to integrate multiple expert models into a single model that inherits their complementary strengths without incurring the inference-time cost of ensembling. Recent progress has shown that merging can be highly effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shilian Chen , Jie Zhou , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xin Li , Qi Feng , Liang He

Parameter-level model merging is an emerging paradigm in multi-task learning with significant promise. Previous research has explored its connections with prediction-level model ensembling-commonly viewed as the upper bound for merging-to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qi Li , Runpeng Yu , Xinchao Wang

In recent years, pre-trained visual-linguistic models have demonstrated tremendous potential, becoming a crucial foundational framework for numerous downstream tasks. However, the information density between text and images is not uniformly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mengyuan Tian , Qiyan Zhao , Yanan Wang , Da-Han Wang

Large language model (LLM) merging has become a key technique in modern LLM development pipelines, enabling the integration of multiple task- or domain-specific expert models without retraining. However, as the number of experts grows,…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuanyi Wang , Yanggan Gu , Zihao Wang , Kunxi Li , Yifan Yang , Zhaoyi Yan , Congkai Xie , Jianmin Wu , Hongxia Yang

Finetuning on domain-specific data is a well-established method for enhancing LLM performance on downstream tasks. Training on each dataset produces a new set of model weights, resulting in a multitude of checkpoints saved in-house or on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sofia Maria Lo Cicero Vaina , Artem Chumachenko , Max Ryabinin

This paper takes a closer look at Git Re-Basin, an interesting new approach to merge trained models. We propose a hierarchical model merging scheme that significantly outperforms the standard MergeMany algorithm. With our new algorithm, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Benedikt Franke , Florian Heinrich , Markus Lange , Arne Raulf

Model merging has emerged as a crucial technique in Deep Learning, enabling the integration of multiple models into a unified system while preserving perfor-mance and scalability. In this respect, the compositional properties of low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Jacopo Bonato , Luigi Sabetta , Simone Calderara

With more open-source models available for diverse tasks, model merging has gained attention by combining models into one, reducing training, storage, and inference costs. Current research mainly focuses on model merging for full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Shenghe Zheng , Hongzhi Wang , Chenyu Huang , Xiaohui Wang , Tao Chen , Jiayuan Fan , Shuyue Hu , Peng Ye

The rapid growth of the text-to-image (T2I) community has fostered a thriving online ecosystem of expert models, which are variants of pretrained diffusion models specialized for diverse generative abilities. Yet, existing model merging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuoling Li , Hossein Rahmani , Jiarui Zhang , Yu Xue , Majid Mirmehdi , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Jun Liu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, notably degrading the safety of originally aligned models. While some existing methods attempt to restore safety by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hua Farn , Hsuan Su , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee