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Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima

The emerging field of quantum resource estimation is aimed at providing estimates of the hardware requirements (`quantum resources') needed to execute a useful, fault-tolerant quantum computation. Given that quantum computers are intended…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Alan Robertson , Haowen Gao , Yuval R. Sanders

We use a meta-learning neural-network approach to analyse data from a measured quantum state. Once our neural network has been trained it can be used to efficiently sample measurements of the state in measurement bases not contained in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Alistair W. R. Smith , Johnnie Gray , M. S. Kim

The computational cost of preparing a quantum state can be substantial depending on the structure of data to be encoded. Many quantum algorithms require repeated sampling to find the answer, mandating reconstruction of the same input state…

Recent developments in engineering and algorithms have made real-world applications in quantum computing possible in the near future. Existing quantum programming languages and compilers use a quantum assembly language composed of 1- and…

Minimizing the time required for quantum state preparation is crucial to mitigate decoherence and enable practical quantum algorithms on near-term hardware. In this work, we introduce a technique for quantum state preparation in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 K. De La Ossa Doria , T. Merlo Vergara , D. Goyeneche

The architecture of circuital quantum computers requires computing layers devoted to compiling high-level quantum algorithms into lower-level circuits of quantum gates. The general problem of quantum compiling is to approximate any unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Lorenzo Moro , Matteo G. A. Paris , Marcello Restelli , Enrico Prati

Quantum state preparation initializes the quantum registers and is essential for running quantum algorithms. Designing state preparation circuits that entangle qubits efficiently with fewer two-qubit gates enhances accuracy and alleviates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Hanyu Wang , Daniel Bochen Tan , Jason Cong

Standard one-way quantum computers (1WQC) combine time symmetric unitary evolution, with asymmetric treatment of boundaries: state preparation allows to enforce a chosen initial state, however, for the final state measurement chooses a…

General Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Jarek Duda

State preparation is a fundamental routine in quantum computation, for which many algorithms have been proposed. Among them, perhaps the simplest one is the Grover-Rudolph algorithm. In this paper, we analyse the performance of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Debora Ramacciotti , Andreea-Iulia Lefterovici , Antonio F. Rotundo

Quantum state preparation plays an equally important role with quantum operations and measurements in quantum information processing. The previous methods of preparing initial state for bulk quantum computation all have inevitable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-27 Tao Xin , Liang Hao , Shi-Yao Hou , Guan-Ru Feng , Gui-Lu Long

Quantum state preparation is a crucial process within numerous quantum algorithms, and the need for efficient initialization of quantum registers is ever increasing as demand for useful quantum computing grows. The problem arises as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Andrew Wright , Marco Lewis , Paolo Zuliani , Sadegh Soudjani

We present an algorithm for compiling arbitrary unitaries into a sequence of gates native to a quantum processor. As accurate CNOT gates are hard for the foreseeable Noisy- Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices era, our A* inspired algorithm…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Marc Grau Davis , Ethan Smith , Ana Tudor , Koushik Sen , Irfan Siddiqi , Costin Iancu

We present two scalable and entanglement-free methods for estimating the collective state of an n-qubit quantum computer. The first method consists of a fixed set of five quantum circuits-regardless of the number of qubits-that avoid the…

In this paper, we use open-source tools to perform quantum resource estimation to assess the requirements for industry-relevant quantum computation. Our analysis uses the problem of industrial shift scheduling in manufacturing and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Anna M. Krol , Marvin Erdmann , Ewan Munro , Andre Luckow , Zaid Al-Ars

Concatenated error-correction schemes are well-understood routes to fault-tolerant quantum computing, and research on such schemes continues, including recent claims that they may be competitive with surface codes, and show potential when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Marco Fellous-Asiani , Hui Khoon Ng , Robert S. Whitney

Quantum computing promises the ability to compute properties of quantum systems exponentially faster than classical computers. Quantum advantage is achieved when a practical problem is solved more efficiently on a quantum computer than on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 William A. Simon , Peter J. Love

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a fundamental task in quantum information science that aims to reconstruct unknown quantum states from measurement data. However, the exponential growth of Hilbert-space dimension with system size makes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Zhen Qin , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

Before executing a quantum algorithm, one must first decompose the algorithm into machine-level instructions compatible with the architecture of the quantum computer, a process known as quantum compiling. There are many different quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Luke Heyfron , Earl T. Campbell

We detail a quantum circuit capable of efficiently encoding analytical approximations to gravitational wave signal waveforms of compact binary coalescences into the amplitudes of quantum bits using both quantum arithmetic operations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Fergus Hayes , Sarah Croke , Chris Messenger , Fiona Speirits