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Functional ANOVA offers a principled framework for interpretability by decomposing a model's prediction into main effects and higher-order interactions. For independent features, this decomposition is well-defined, strongly linked with SHAP…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Baptiste Ferrere , Nicolas Bousquet , Fabrice Gamboa , Jean-Michel Loubes , Joseph Muré

Performing an additive decomposition of arbitrary functions of random elements is paramount for global sensitivity analysis and, therefore, the interpretation of black-box models. The well-known seminal work of Hoeffding characterized the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Marouane Il Idrissi , Nicolas Bousquet , Fabrice Gamboa , Bertrand Iooss , Jean-Michel Loubes

Fourier analysis on the Boolean hypercube is fundamentally defined as the orthogonal decomposition of the space of pseudo-Boolean functions with respect to the uniform probability measure. In this work, we propose an ANOVA-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 Baptiste Ferrere , Nicolas Bousquet , Fabrice Gamboa , Jean-Michel Loubes , Joseph Muré

In this paper we propose a method for the approximation of high-dimensional functions over finite intervals with respect to complete orthonormal systems of polynomials. An important tool for this is the multivariate classical analysis of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-31 Daniel Potts , Michael Schmischke

The analysis of variance (ANOVA) decomposition offers a systematic method to understand the interaction effects that contribute to a specific decision output. In this paper we introduce Neural-ANOVA, an approach to decompose neural networks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-01 Steffen Limmer , Steffen Udluft , Clemens Otte

This article explores the generalized analysis-of-variance or ANOVA dimensional decomposition (ADD) for multivariate functions of dependent random variables. Two notable properties, stemming from weakened annihilating conditions, reveal…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-08-05 Sharif Rahman

We establish sensitivity analysis on the sphere. We present formulas that allow us to decompose a function $f\colon \mathbb S^d\rightarrow \mathbb R$ into a sum of terms $f_{\boldsymbol u,\boldsymbol \xi}$. The index $\boldsymbol u$ is a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Laura Weidensager

ANOVA decomposition of function with random input variables provides ANOVA functionals (AFs), which contain information about the contributions of the input variables on the output variable(s). By embedding AFs into an appropriate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-29 Matieyendou Lamboni

We present a functional data analysis (FDA) framework based on explicit orthonormal basis expansion for modeling and denoising complex biomedical signals. Observed functional data are represented as smooth functions in a Hilbert space, and…

Computation · Statistics 2026-02-16 Moo K. Chung

The FANOVA (or "Sobol'-Hoeffding") decomposition of multivariate functions has been used for high-dimensional model representation and global sensitivity analysis. When the objective function f has no simple analytic form and is costly to…

Models which estimate main effects of individual variables alongside interaction effects have an identifiability challenge: effects can be freely moved between main effects and interaction effects without changing the model prediction. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-05 Benjamin Lengerich , Sarah Tan , Chun-Hao Chang , Giles Hooker , Rich Caruana

We discuss some aspects of approximating functions on high-dimensional data sets with additive functions or ANOVA decompositions, that is, sums of functions depending on fewer variables each. It is seen that under appropriate smoothness…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-11-17 Markus Hegland , Vladimir Pestov

We point out that a proper use of the Hoeffding--ANOVA decomposition for symmetric statistics of finite urn sequences, previously introduced by the author, yields a decomposition of the space of square-integrable functionals of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Giovanni Peccati

A new functional ANOVA test, with a graphical interpretation of the result, is presented. The test is an extension of the global envelope test introduced by Myllymaki et al. (2017, Global envelope tests for spatial processes, J. R. Statist.…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-09 Tomas Mrkvicka , Mari Myllymaki , Milan Jilek , Ute Hahn

In this paper we apply the previously introduced approximation method based on the ANOVA (analysis of variance) decomposition and Grouped Transformations to synthetic and real data. The advantage of this method is the interpretability of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-31 Daniel Potts , Michael Schmischke

For multivariate nonparametric regression, functional analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) modeling aims to capture the relationship between a response and covariates by decomposing the unknown function into various components, representing main…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-20 Ting Yang , Zhiqiang Tan

We present a description of the function space and the smoothness class associated with a convolutional network using the machinery of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We show that the mapping associated with a convolutional network…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-17 Meyer Scetbon , Zaid Harchaoui

Feature-based explanations, using perturbations or gradients, are a prevalent tool to understand decisions of black box machine learning models. Yet, differences between these methods still remain mostly unknown, which limits their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Fabian Fumagalli , Maximilian Muschalik , Eyke Hüllermeier , Barbara Hammer , Julia Herbinger

Monadic decomposibility --- the ability to determine whether a formula in a given logical theory can be decomposed into a boolean combination of monadic formulas --- is a powerful tool for devising a decision procedure for a given logical…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Pablo Barcelo , Chih-Duo Hong , Xuan-Bach Le , Anthony W. Lin , Reino Niskanen

Functional decomposition is the process of breaking down a function $f$ into a composition $f=g(f_1,\dots,f_k)$ of simpler functions $f_1,\dots,f_k$ belonging to some class $\mathcal{F}$. This fundamental notion can be used to model…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira , Wim Van den Broeck
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