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In the analysis of High-Energy Physics data, it is frequently desired to separate resonant signals from a smooth, non-resonant background. This paper introduces a new technique - functional decomposition (FD) - to accomplish this task. It…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-05-15 Ryan Edgar , Dante Amidei , Christopher Grud , Karishma Sekhon

Many visual scenes can be described as compositions of latent factors. Effective recognition, reasoning, and editing often require not only forming such compositional representations, but also solving the decomposition problem. One popular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Calvin Yeung , Ali Zakeri , Zhuowen Zou , Mohsen Imani

Interpretability for machine learning models is becoming more and more important as machine learning models become more complex. The functional ANOVA model, which decomposes a high-dimensional function into a sum of lower dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-01 Seokhun Park , Insung Kong , Yongchan Choi , Chanmoo Park , Yongdai Kim

Compositional generalization is a basic and essential intellective capability of human beings, which allows us to recombine known parts readily. However, existing neural network based models have been proven to be extremely deficient in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Qian Liu , Shengnan An , Jian-Guang Lou , Bei Chen , Zeqi Lin , Yan Gao , Bin Zhou , Nanning Zheng , Dongmei Zhang

Multivariate functions emerge naturally in a wide variety of data-driven models. Popular choices are expressions in the form of basis expansions or neural networks. While highly effective, the resulting functions tend to be hard to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-15 Jan Decuyper , Koen Tiels , Siep Weiland , Mark C. Runacres , Johan Schoukens

SHAP is a popular method for measuring variable importance in machine learning models. In this paper, we study the algorithm used to estimate SHAP scores and outline its connection to the functional ANOVA decomposition. We use this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-14 Andrew Herren , P. Richard Hahn

Visual programming, a modular and generalizable paradigm, integrates different modules and Python operators to solve various vision-language tasks. Unlike end-to-end models that need task-specific data, it advances in performing visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Minghe Gao , Juncheng Li , Hao Fei , Liang Pang , Wei Ji , Guoming Wang , Zheqi Lv , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

The black box problem in machine learning has led to the introduction of an ever-increasing set of explanation methods for complex models. These explanations have different properties, which in turn has led to the problem of method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Arne Gevaert , Yvan Saeys

The main object of this work is to show how some rather elementary techniques based upon certain inverse pairs of symbolic operators would lead us easily to several decomposition formulas associated with confluent hypergeometric functions…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-08-03 Tuhtasin Ergashev

Many modern datasets, from areas such as neuroimaging and geostatistics, come in the form of a random sample of tensor-valued data which can be understood as noisy observations of a smooth multidimensional random function. Most of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-18 William Consagra , Arun Venkataraman , Xing Qiu

Given a reproducing kernel Hilbert space H of real-valued functions and a suitable measure mu over the source space D (subset of R), we decompose H as the sum of a subspace of centered functions for mu and its orthogonal in H. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-12-10 Nicolas Durrande , David Ginsbourger , Olivier Roustant , Laurent Carraro

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an extremely important method in exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. Unfortunately, in complex problems (e.g., split-plot designs), it is not always easy to set up an appropriate ANOVA. We propose a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Andrew Gelman

In the field of eXplainable AI (XAI) in language models, the progression from local explanations of individual decisions to global explanations with high-level concepts has laid the groundwork for mechanistic interpretability, which aims to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yearim Kim , Sangyu Han , Sangbum Han , Nojun Kwak

The power of multivariate functions is their ability to model a wide variety of phenomena, but have the disadvantages that they lack an intuitive or interpretable representation, and often require a (very) large number of parameters. We…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Philippe Dreesen , Jeroen De Geeter , Mariya Ishteva

Functional decomposition is a powerful tool for systems analysis because it can reduce a function of arbitrary input dimensions to the sum and superposition of functions of a single variable, thereby mitigating (or potentially avoiding) the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Jonah J. Glunt , Jacob A. Siefert , Andrew F. Thompson , Justin Ruths , Herschel C. Pangborn

High-dimensional real-world systems can often be well characterized by a small number of simultaneous low-complexity interactions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) decomposition and the anchored decomposition are typical techniques to find…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Fatima Antarou Ba , Oleh Melnyk , Christian Wald , Gabriele Steidl

Estimating the coefficient functionals on various classes of holomorphic functions traditionally forms an important field of geometric complex analysis and its mathematical and physical applications. These coefficients reflect fundamental…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Samuel L. Krushkal

Analytic methods are emerging in solid and configuration modeling, while providing new insights into a variety of shape and motion related problems by exploiting tools from group morphology, convolution algebras, and harmonic analysis.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Morad Behandish , Horea T. Ilies

In this paper we propose an approximation method for high-dimensional $1$-periodic functions based on the multivariate ANOVA decomposition. We provide an analysis on the classical ANOVA decomposition on the torus and prove some important…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-31 Daniel Potts , Michael Schmischke

In a previous paper [1] it was discussed the viability of functional analysis using as a basis a couple of generic functions, and hence vectorial decomposition. Here we complete the paradigm exploiting one of the analysis methodologies…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Sossio Vergara