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Spatio-physical reasoning, a foundation capability for understanding the real physics world, is a critical step towards building robust world models. While recent vision language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Tiancheng Han , Yunfei Gao , Yong Li , Wuzhou Yu , Qiaosheng Zhang , Wenqi Shao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone rapid progress, largely attributed to reinforcement learning on complex reasoning tasks. In contrast, while spatial intelligence is fundamental for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zijian Song , Xiaoxin Lin , Qiuming Huang , Sihan Qin , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin

Preference-based alignment is pivotal for training large reasoning models; however, standard methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) typically treat all preference pairs uniformly, overlooking the evolving utility of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hui Wu , Hengyi Cai , Jinman Zhao , Xinran Chen , Ziheng Li , Zhejun Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Yuchen Li , Dawei Yin

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) focuses on locating objects in 3D scenes based on natural language descriptions, serving as a fundamental task for embodied AI and robotics. Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Beining Xu , Siting Zhu , Zhao Jin , Junxian Li , Hesheng Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on spatial question answering benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether such gains reflect genuine spatial intelligence. We show that existing spatial VLMs lack basic camera motion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hsiang-Wei Huang , Junbin Lu , Kuang-Ming Chen , Jianxu Shangguan , Cheng-Yen Yang , Jenq-Neng Hwang

As textual reasoning with large language models (LLMs) has advanced significantly, there has been growing interest in enhancing the multimodal reasoning capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Junfei Wu , Jian Guan , Kaituo Feng , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Wei Wu , Tieniu Tan

Accurate spatial reasoning in outdoor environments - covering geometry, object pose, and inter-object relationships - is fundamental to downstream tasks such as mapping, motion forecasting, and high-level planning in autonomous driving. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xianda Guo , Ruijun Zhang , Yiqun Duan , Yuhang He , Dujun Nie , Wenke Huang , Chenming Zhang , Shuai Liu , Hao Zhao , Long Chen

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling intuitive understanding and manipulation of objects in three-dimensional space. While foundation models demonstrate remarkable performance on some benchmarks, they still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Fan-Yun Sun , Weiyu Liu , Siyi Gu , Dylan Lim , Goutam Bhat , Federico Tombari , Manling Li , Nick Haber , Jiajun Wu

Empowered by large-scale training, vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong image and video understanding, yet their ability to perform spatial reasoning in both static scenes and dynamic videos remains limited. Recent advances try to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shihua Zhang , Qiuhong Shen , Shizun Wang , Tianbo Pan , Xinchao Wang

Geospatial Location Embedding (GLE) helps a Large Language Model (LLM) assimilate and analyze spatial data. GLE emergence in Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) is precipitated by the need for deeper geospatial awareness in our…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Sean Tucker

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant progress in image and language tasks due to the strong reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, most MLLMs suffer from limited spatial reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Jiajie Guo , Qingpeng Zhu , Jin Zeng , Xiaolong Wu , Changyong He , Weida Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been increasingly applied in real-world scenarios due to their outstanding understanding and reasoning capabilities. Although VLMs have already demonstrated impressive capabilities in common visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuechen Xie , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yicheng Shan , Hao Zhu , Rui Tang , Rong Wei , Mingli Song , Yuanyu Wan , Jie Song

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made them powerful tools in embodied navigation, enabling agents to leverage commonsense and spatial reasoning for efficient exploration in…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often struggle with robust 3D spatial reasoning. Prevailing methods that rely on fine-tuning with 3D visual question-answering (VQA) datasets may overfit dataset-specific biases, while integrating specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Chun-Hsiao Yeh , Shengyi Qian , Manchen Wang , Yi Ma , Joseph Tighe , Fanyi Xiao

Vision Language Models (VLMs) exhibit a fundamental semantic-to-geometric gap in spatial reasoning: they excel at qualitative semantic inference but their reasoning operates within a lossy semantic space, misaligned with high-fidelity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zeren Chen , Xiaoya Lu , Zhijie Zheng , Pengrui Li , Lehan He , Yijin Zhou , Jing Shao , Bohan Zhuang , Lu Sheng

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are essential for various tasks, particularly visual reasoning tasks, due to their robust multi-modal information integration, visual reasoning capabilities, and contextual awareness. However, existing \VLMs{}'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Zaiqiao Meng , Hao Zhou , Yifang Chen

Visual Language Models (VLMs) have increasingly become the main paradigm for understanding indoor scenes, but they still struggle with metric and spatial reasoning. Current approaches rely on end-to-end video understanding or large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fernando Ropero , Erkin Turkoz , Daniel Matos , Junqing Du , Antonio Ruiz , Yanfeng Zhang , Lu Liu , Mingwei Sun , Yongliang Wang

The spatial reasoning task aims to reason about the spatial relationships in 2D and 3D space, which is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. Although vision language models (VLMs) have developed rapidly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xun Liang , Xin Guo , Zhongming Jin , Weihang Pan , Penghui Shang , Deng Cai , Binbin Lin , Jieping Ye

Spatial Reasoning is an important component of human cognition and is an area in which the latest Vision-language models (VLMs) show signs of difficulty. The current analysis works use image captioning tasks and visual question answering.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Akshar Tumu , Parisa Kordjamshidi

We present a novel method, AutoSpatial, an efficient approach with structured spatial grounding to enhance VLMs' spatial reasoning. By combining minimal manual supervision with large-scale Visual Question-Answering (VQA) pairs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yangzhe Kong , Daeun Song , Jing Liang , Dinesh Manocha , Ziyu Yao , Xuesu Xiao