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Recently, various intermediate layer distillation (ILD) objectives have been shown to improve compression of BERT models via Knowledge Distillation (KD). However, a comprehensive evaluation of the objectives in both task-specific and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Xinpeng Wang , Leonie Weissweiler , Hinrich Schütze , Barbara Plank

Generative recommendation models employing Semantic IDs (SIDs) exhibit strong potential, yet their practical deployment is bottlenecked by the high inference latency of beam-expanded autoregressive decoding. In this work, we identify that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zitian Guo , Yupeng Hou , Clark Mingxuan Ju , Neil Shah , Julian McAuley

Post-training endows pretrained LLMs with a variety of desirable skills, including instruction-following, reasoning, and others. However, these post-trained LLMs only encode knowledge up to a cut-off date, necessitating continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shankar Padmanabhan , Mustafa Omer Gul , Tanya Goyal

Alignment techniques enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate outputs that align with human preferences and play a crucial role in their effectiveness. However, their impact often diminishes when applied to Small Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Shiping Gao , Fanqi Wan , Jiajian Guo , Xiaojun Quan , Qifan Wang

Controllable generation through Stable Diffusion (SD) fine-tuning aims to improve fidelity, safety, and alignment with human guidance. Existing reinforcement learning from human feedback methods usually rely on predefined heuristic reward…

On-policy distillation is an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning, offering dense token-level training signals. However, its reliance on a stronger external teacher has driven recent work on on-policy self-distillation, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xin Yu , Liuchen Liao , Yiwen Zhang , Yingchen Yu , Lingzhou Xue , Qinzhen Guo

Recent advances in model distillation show that data from advanced reasoning models can effectively train smaller student models. However, standard practices discard incorrect reasoning traces -- valuable, yet underutilized data. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shuyao Xu , Cheng Peng , Jiangxuan Long , Weidi Xu , Wei Chu , Yuan Qi

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting often improves classification accuracy, but it introduces a significant throughput penalty with rationale generation (Wei et al., 2022; Cheng and Van Durme, 2024). To resolve this trade-off, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jillian Xu , Dylan Zhou , Vinay Shukla , Yang Yang , Junrui Ruan , Shuhuai Lin , Wenfei Zou , Yinxiao Liu , Karthik Lakshmanan

Reinforcement learning for multi-turn agents suffers from a credit-assignment mismatch: rewards are sparse and trajectory-level, while success often hinges on a few local decisions. Existing online policy distillation (OPD) provides denser…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yanfei Zhang , Xu Lin , Chenglin Wu

{Closed-loop inverse source localization and characterization (ISLC) requires a mobile agent to select measurements that localize sources and infer latent field parameters under strict time constraints.} {The core challenge lies in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yiwei Shi , Zixing Song , Mengyue Yang , Cunjia Liu , Weiru Liu

We study interactive learning in a setting where the agent has to generate a response (e.g., an action or trajectory) given a context and an instruction. In contrast, to typical approaches that train the system using reward or expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Dipendra Misra , Aldo Pacchiano , Robert E. Schapire

The surge in Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, but fine-tuning them for specific tasks often encounters challenges in balancing performance and preserving general instruction-following abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhaorui Yang , Tianyu Pang , Haozhe Feng , Han Wang , Wei Chen , Minfeng Zhu , Qian Liu

Multi-task learning (MTL) has been widely used in recommender systems, wherein predicting each type of user feedback on items (e.g, click, purchase) are treated as individual tasks and jointly trained with a unified model. Our key…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Chenxiao Yang , Junwei Pan , Xiaofeng Gao , Tingyu Jiang , Dapeng Liu , Guihai Chen

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

This paper introduces a novel approach for efficiently distilling LLMs into smaller, application-specific models, significantly reducing operational costs and manual labor. Addressing the challenge of deploying computationally intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lukas Vöge , Vincent Gurgul , Stefan Lessmann

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow instructions with various constraints. Despite the encouraging results, RL improvement inevitably relies on sampling successful, high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Shunyu Liu , Wenjian Zhang , Min Cen , Yang Zhou , Wenkai Fang , Yiru Zhao , Baisheng Lai , Mingli Song

Previous knowledge distillation (KD) methods for object detection mostly focus on feature imitation instead of mimicking the prediction logits due to its inefficiency in distilling the localization information. In this paper, we investigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Zhaohui Zheng , Rongguang Ye , Qibin Hou , Dongwei Ren , Ping Wang , Wangmeng Zuo , Ming-Ming Cheng

Self-distillation has emerged as an effective post-training paradigm for LLMs, often improving performance while shortening reasoning traces. However, in mathematical reasoning, we find that it can reduce response length while degrading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jeonghye Kim , Xufang Luo , Minbeom Kim , Sangmook Lee , Dohyung Kim , Jiwon Jeon , Dongsheng Li , Yuqing Yang

We introduce a low-resource safety enhancement method for aligning large language models (LLMs) without the need for supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Our main idea is to exploit knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Haozheng Luo , Jiahao Yu , Wenxin Zhang , Jialong Li , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Xinyu Xing , Han Liu

Existing methods for distillation do not efficiently utilize the training data. This work presents a novel approach to perform distillation using only a subset of the training data, making it more data-efficient. For this purpose, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Sourav Mishra , Suresh Sundaram
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