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Related papers: Counterfactual Explanations Under Concept Drift

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Adapting to latent confounded shift remains a core challenge in modern AI. This setting is driven by hidden variables that induce spurious correlations between inputs and outputs during training, leading models to rely on non-causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jialin Yu , Yuxiang Zhou , Haoxuan Li , Junchi Yu , Mengyue Yang , Yulan He , Nevin L. Zhang , Philip Torr , Ricardo Silva

Counterfactual explanations improve the actionable interpretability of machine learning models by identifying minimal changes required to achieve a desired outcome. However, existing methods often neglect dependencies among features, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Szymon Bobek , Łukasz Bałec , Grzegorz J. Nalepa

There exists three main areas of study inside of the field of predictive maintenance: anomaly detection, fault diagnosis, and remaining useful life prediction. Notably, anomaly detection alerts the stakeholder that an anomaly is occurring.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Logan Cummins , Alexander Sommers , Sudip Mittal , Shahram Rahimi , Maria Seale , Joseph Jaboure , Thomas Arnold

The amount of real-time communication between agents in an information system has increased rapidly since the beginning of the decade. This is because the use of these systems, e. g. social media, has become commonplace in today's society.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Christoph Raab , Moritz Heusinger , Frank-Michael Schleif

Feature attributions are a common paradigm for model explanations due to their simplicity in assigning a single numeric score for each input feature to a model. In the actionable recourse setting, wherein the goal of the explanations is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Emanuele Albini , Jason Long , Danial Dervovic , Daniele Magazzeni

Counterfactual explanations are one of the prominent eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques, and suggest changes to input data that could alter predictions, leading to more favourable outcomes. Existing counterfactual methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Andrei Buliga , Chiara Di Francescomarino , Chiara Ghidini , Marco Montali , Massimiliano Ronzani

State-of-the-art text classification models are becoming increasingly reliant on deep neural networks (DNNs). Due to their black-box nature, faithful and robust explanation methods need to accompany classifiers for deployment in real-life…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Adam Ivankay , Ivan Girardi , Chiara Marchiori , Pascal Frossard

Counterfactual examples are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) as valuable data to improve models, and in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to understand model behavior. The automated generation of counterfactual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Qianli Wang , Nils Feldhus , Simon Ostermann , Luis Felipe Villa-Arenas , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt

Context-aware emotion recognition (CAER) has recently boosted the practical applications of affective computing techniques in unconstrained environments. Mainstream CAER methods invariably extract ensemble representations from diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Dingkang Yang , Kun Yang , Mingcheng Li , Shunli Wang , Shuaibing Wang , Lihua Zhang

Counterfactual explanations (CE) aim to reveal how small input changes flip a model's prediction, yet many methods modify more features than necessary, reducing clarity and actionability. We introduce \emph{COLA}, a model- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Lei You , Yijun Bian , Lele Cao

Human Pose Estimation (HPE) is increasingly important for applications like virtual reality and motion analysis, yet current methods struggle with balancing accuracy, computational efficiency, and reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shipeng Liu , Ziliang Xiong , Bastian Wandt , Per-Erik Forssén

Counterfactual examples (CFs) are one of the most popular methods for attaching post-hoc explanations to machine learning (ML) models. However, existing CF generation methods either exploit the internals of specific models or depend on each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Ziheng Chen , Fabrizio Silvestri , Jia Wang , He Zhu , Hongshik Ahn , Gabriele Tolomei

Counterfactual explanations study what should have changed in order to get an alternative result, enabling end-users to understand machine learning mechanisms with counterexamples. Actionability is defined as the ability to transform the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Enrique Valero-Leal , Pedro Larrañaga , Concha Bielza

Among recent developments in time series forecasting methods, deep forecasting models have gained popularity as they can utilize hidden feature patterns in time series to improve forecasting performance. Nevertheless, the majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Zhendong Wang , Ioanna Miliou , Isak Samsten , Panagiotis Papapetrou

With machine learning models being increasingly applied to various decision-making scenarios, people have spent growing efforts to make machine learning models more transparent and explainable. Among various explanation techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Furui Cheng , Yao Ming , Huamin Qu

Machine-learning models, which are known to accurately predict patterns from large datasets, are crucial in decision making. Consequently, counterfactual explanations-methods explaining predictions by introducing input perturbations-have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yuta Sumiya , Hayaru shouno

Post-hoc explanations of machine learning models are crucial for people to understand and act on algorithmic predictions. An intriguing class of explanations is through counterfactuals, hypothetical examples that show people how to obtain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Ramaravind Kommiya Mothilal , Amit Sharma , Chenhao Tan

The rapid evolution of deepfake generation technologies poses critical challenges for detection systems, as non-continual learning methods demand frequent and expensive retraining. We reframe deepfake detection (DFD) as a Continual Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Federico Fontana , Anxhelo Diko , Romeo Lanzino , Marco Raoul Marini , Bachir Kaddar , Gian Luca Foresti , Luigi Cinque

Counterfactual explanations have been a popular method of post-hoc explainability for a variety of settings in Machine Learning. Such methods focus on explaining classifiers by generating new data points that are similar to a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Joshua Nathaniel Williams , Anurag Katakkar , Hoda Heidari , J. Zico Kolter

Interpretability research takes counterfactual theories of causality for granted. Most causal methods rely on counterfactual interventions to inputs or the activations of particular model components, followed by observations of the change…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Aaron Mueller
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