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Conventional reward modeling relies on gradient descent over neural weights, creating opaque, data-hungry "black boxes." We propose a paradigm shift from implicit to explicit reward parameterization, recasting optimization from continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Lipeng Xie , Sen Huang , Zhuo Zhang , Anni Zou , Yunpeng Zhai , Dingchao Ren , Kezun Zhang , Haoyuan Hu , Boyin Liu , Haoran Chen , Zhaoyang Liu , Bolin Ding

The default paradigm of post-training text-to-image generators includes post-hoc selection of generated images, and subsequent training with one reward model to align the generator to the reward, typically user preference. This discards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Nicolas Dufour , Lucas Degeorge , Arijit Ghosh , Vicky Kalogeiton , David Picard

We investigate a general approach for improving user prompts in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models by finding prompts that maximize a reward function specified at test-time. Although diverse reward models are used for evaluating image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Semin Kim , Yeonwoo Cha , Jaehoon Yoo , Seunghoon Hong

Text-and-Image-To-Image (TI2I), an extension of Text-To-Image (T2I), integrates image inputs with textual instructions to enhance image generation. Existing methods often partially utilize image inputs, focusing on specific elements like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Teng-Fang Hsiao , Bo-Kai Ruan , Yi-Lun Wu , Tzu-Ling Lin , Hong-Han Shuai

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by the success of OpenAI's o-series. In RLVR, rewards are derived from verifiable signals-such…

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models generate semantically coherent images from textual prompts, yet evaluating how well they align with individual user preferences remains an open challenge. Conventional evaluation methods, general reward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jeongeun Lee , Ryang Heo , Dongha Lee

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-fidelity images. However, these models often struggle to faithfully render complex user prompts, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Linqing Wang , Ximing Xing , Yiji Cheng , Zhiyuan Zhao , Donghao Li , Tiankai Hang , Jiale Tao , Qixun Wang , Ruihuang Li , Comi Chen , Xin Li , Mingrui Wu , Xinchi Deng , Shuyang Gu , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu

Despite their wide-spread success, Text-to-Image models (T2I) still struggle to produce images that are both aesthetically pleasing and faithful to the user's input text. We introduce DreamSync, a model-agnostic training algorithm by design…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jiao Sun , Deqing Fu , Yushi Hu , Su Wang , Royi Rassin , Da-Cheng Juan , Dana Alon , Charles Herrmann , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Ranjay Krishna , Cyrus Rashtchian

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made significant advancements in recent years, but they still struggle to accurately capture intricate details specified in complex compositional prompts. While fine-tuning T2I models with reward objectives…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Luca Eyring , Shyamgopal Karthik , Karsten Roth , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Zeynep Akata

Generative reward models (GRMs) for vision-language models (VLMs) often evaluate outputs via a three-stage pipeline: rubric generation, criterion-based scoring, and a final verdict. However, the intermediate rubric is rarely optimized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Weijie Qiu , Dai Guan , Junxin Wang , Zhihang Li , Yongbo Gai , Mengyu Zhou , Erchao Zhao , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Aligning text-to-image diffusion model (T2I) with preference has been gaining increasing research attention. While prior works exist on directly optimizing T2I by preference data, these methods are developed under the bandit assumption of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Shentao Yang , Tianqi Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Text-to-image (T2I) models achieve high-fidelity generation through extensive training on large datasets. However, these models may unintentionally pick up undesirable biases of their training data, such as over-representation of particular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shufan Li , Harkanwar Singh , Aditya Grover

Nowadays, training and evaluating DeepResearch-generated reports remain challenging due to the lack of verifiable reward signals. Accordingly, rubric-based evaluation has become a common practice. However, existing approaches either rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Changze Lv , Jie Zhou , Wentao Zhao , Jingwen Xu , Zisu Huang , Muzhao Tian , Shihan Dou , Tao Gui , Le Tian , Xiao Zhou , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Jie Zhou

Text-to-image (T2I) generation has made significant advances in recent years, but challenges still remain in the generation of perceptual artifacts, misalignment with complex prompts, and safety. The prevailing approach to address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiaoying Xing , Avinab Saha , Junfeng He , Susan Hao , Paul Vicol , Moonkyung Ryu , Gang Li , Sahil Singla , Sarah Young , Yinxiao Li , Feng Yang , Deepak Ramachandran

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) typically follow a two-stage training paradigm-pretraining and supervised fine-tuning. Recently, preference optimization, derived from the language domain, has emerged as an effective post-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yufei Zhan , Yousong Zhu , Shurong Zheng , Hongyin Zhao , Fan Yang , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

With the continued advancement of text-to-image (T2I) generation, producing high-quality images is becoming increasingly attainable; consequently, user demands are shifting toward images that better satisfy their specific requirements. As…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiaying Qian , Ziheng Jia , Qian Zhang , Zicheng Zhang , Jiayi Guo , Junqi Zhang , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Current text-to-image (T2I) benchmarks evaluate models on rigid prompts, potentially underestimating true generative capabilities due to prompt sensitivity and creating biases that favor certain models while disadvantaging others. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haosheng Gan , Berk Tinaz , Mohammad Shahab Sepehri , Zalan Fabian , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Reward modeling is essential for aligning Large Language Models(LLMs) with human preferences, yet conventional reward models suffer from poor interpretability and heavy reliance on costly expert annotations. While recent rubric-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dengcan Liu , Fengkai Yang , Xiaohan Wang , Shurui Yan , Jiajun Chai , Jiahao Li , Yikun Ban , Zhendong Mao , Wei Lin , Guojun Yin

Previous work on augmenting large multimodal models (LMMs) for text-to-image (T2I) generation has focused on enriching the input space of in-context learning (ICL). This includes providing a few demonstrations and optimizing image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yongyu Mu , Hengyu Li , Junxin Wang , Xiaoxuan Zhou , Chenglong Wang , Yingfeng Luo , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Guocheng Chen , Jingbo Zhu

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) often fail to align with human preferences, leading to issues like generating misleading content without proper visual context (also known as hallucination). A promising solution to this problem is using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Chenglong Wang , Yang Gan , Yifu Huo , Yongyu Mu , Murun Yang , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Tongran Liu , Quan Du , Di Yang , Jingbo Zhu