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While the NLP community is generally aware of resource disparities among languages, we lack research that quantifies the extent and types of such disparity. Prior surveys estimating the availability of resources based on the number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Xinyan Velocity Yu , Akari Asai , Trina Chatterjee , Junjie Hu , Eunsol Choi

Typologically diverse benchmarks are increasingly created to track the progress achieved in multilingual NLP. Linguistic diversity of these data sets is typically measured as the number of languages or language families included in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Tanja Samardzic , Ximena Gutierrez , Christian Bentz , Steven Moran , Olga Pelloni

Despite representing nearly one-third of the world's languages, African languages remain critically underserved by modern NLP technologies, with 88\% classified as severely underrepresented or completely ignored in computational…

Linguistic disparity in the NLP world is a problem that has been widely acknowledged recently. However, different facets of this problem, or the reasons behind this disparity are seldom discussed within the NLP community. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Surangika Ranathunga , Nisansa de Silva

Several recent papers have published good solutions for language identification (LID) for about 300 high-resource and medium-resource languages. However, there is no LID available that (i) covers a wide range of low-resource languages, (ii)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Amir Hossein Kargaran , Ayyoob Imani , François Yvon , Hinrich Schütze

India's linguistic landscape, spanning 22 scheduled languages and hundreds of marginalized dialects, has driven rapid growth in NLP datasets, benchmarks, and pretrained models. However, no dedicated survey consolidates resources developed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Raghvendra Kumar , Devankar Raj , Sriparna Saha

Data scarcity is a crucial issue for the development of highly multilingual NLP systems. Yet for many under-represented languages (ULs) -- languages for which NLP re-search is particularly far behind in meeting user needs -- it is feasible…

The performance of multilingual pretrained models is highly dependent on the availability of monolingual or parallel text present in a target language. Thus, the majority of the world's languages cannot benefit from recent progress in NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Xinyi Wang , Sebastian Ruder , Graham Neubig

The increasing prevalence of mental disorders globally highlights the urgent need for effective digital screening methods that can be used in multilingual contexts. Most existing studies, however, focus on English data, overlooking critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ana-Maria Bucur , Marcos Zampieri , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Fabio Crestani

We present Bloom Library, a linguistically diverse set of multimodal and multilingual datasets for language modeling, image captioning, visual storytelling, and speech synthesis/recognition. These datasets represent either the most, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Colin Leong , Joshua Nemecek , Jacob Mansdorfer , Anna Filighera , Abraham Owodunni , Daniel Whitenack

Historically, researchers and consumers have noticed a decrease in quality when applying NLP tools to minority variants of languages (i.e. Puerto Rican Spanish or Swiss German), but studies exploring this have been limited to a select few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Anjali Kantharuban , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

As language technologies become more ubiquitous, there are increasing efforts towards expanding the language diversity and coverage of natural language processing (NLP) systems. Arguably, the most important factor influencing the quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Fahim Faisal , Yinkai Wang , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) depend on high-quality, domain-specific natural language datasets. This dependency is particularly pronounced in Requirements Engineering (RE), where core activities rely on textual artifacts such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Quim Motger , Carlota Catot , Xavier Franch

The central bottleneck for low-resource NLP is typically regarded to be the quantity of accessible data, overlooking the contribution of data quality. This is particularly seen in the development and evaluation of low-resource systems via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Maartje ter Hoeve , David Grangier , Natalie Schluter

The disparity in the languages commonly studied in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is typically reflected by referring to languages as low vs high-resourced. However, there is limited consensus on what exactly qualifies as a `low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Hellina Hailu Nigatu , Atnafu Lambebo Tonja , Benjamin Rosman , Thamar Solorio , Monojit Choudhury

Generative language modelling has surged in popularity with the emergence of services such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini. While these models have demonstrated transformative potential in productivity and communication, they overwhelmingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Josh McGiff , Nikola S. Nikolov

The rising demand for inclusive speech technologies amplifies the need for multilingual datasets for Natural Language Processing (NLP) research. However, limited awareness of existing task-specific resources in low-resource languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Swati Sharma , Divya V. Sharma , Anubha Gupta

The world's 7,000+ languages vary widely in the availability of resources for NLP, motivating efforts to systematically categorize them by their degree of resourcefulness (Joshi et al., 2020). A similar disparity exists among programming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Nishat Raihan , Christian Newman , Marcos Zampieri

Knowing the language of an input text/audio is a necessary first step for using almost every NLP tool such as taggers, parsers, or translation systems. Language identification is a well-studied problem, sometimes even considered solved; in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Milind Agarwal , Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Language Identification (LID) is a core task in multilingual NLP, yet current systems often overfit to clean, monolingual data. This work introduces DIVERS-BENCH, a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art LID models across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jessica Ojo , Zina Kamel , David Ifeoluwa Adelani
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