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The discovery of the optical counterpart, along with the gravitational waves from GW170817, of the first binary neutron star merger, opened up a new era for multi-messenger astrophysics. Combining the GW data with the optical counterpart,…

On the 17th of August, 2017 came the simultaneous detections of GW170817, a gravitational wave that originated from the coalescence of two neutron stars, along with the gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, and the kilonova counterpart AT2017gfo.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-14 Mouza Almualla , Yuhong Ning , Pouyan Salehi , Mattia Bulla , Tim Dietrich , Michael W. Coughlin , Nidhal Guessoum

Rapid parameter estimation is critical when dealing with short lived signals such as kilonovae. We present a parameter estimation algorithm that combines likelihood-free inference with a pre-trained embedding network, optimized to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-27 Malina Desai , Deep Chatterjee , Sahil Jhawar , Philip Harris , Erik Katsavounidis , Michael Coughlin

Kilonovae are the electromagnetic transients created by the radioactive decay of freshly synthesized elements in the environment surrounding a neutron star merger. To study the fundamental physics in these complex environments, kilonova…

Gravitational wave (GW) detection is now commonplace and as the sensitivity of the global network of GW detectors improves, we will observe $\mathcal{O}(100)$s of transient GW events per year. The current methods used to estimate their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-21 Hunter Gabbard , Chris Messenger , Ik Siong Heng , Francesco Tonolini , Roderick Murray-Smith

We present a rapid analytic framework for predicting kilonova light curves following neutron star (NS) mergers, where the main input parameters are binary-based properties measurable by gravitational wave detectors (chirp mass and mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-07 Matt Nicholl , Ben Margalit , Patricia Schmidt , Graham P. Smith , Evan J. Ridley , James Nuttall

With the increasing sensitivity of advanced gravitational wave detectors, the first joint detection of an electromagnetic and gravitational wave signal from a compact binary merger will hopefully happen within this decade. However, current…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-01 Michael Coughlin , Tim Dietrich , Kyohei Kawaguchi , Stephen Smartt , Christopher Stubbs , Maximiliano Ujevic

Kilonovae, possible electromagnetic counterparts to neutron star mergers, provide important information about high-energy transient phenomena and, in principle, also allow us to obtain information about the source properties responsible for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-28 Sahil Jhawar , Thibeau Wouters , Peter T. H. Pang , Mattia Bulla , Michael W. Coughlin , Tim Dietrich

We present ${\tt nimbus}$ : a hierarchical Bayesian framework to infer the intrinsic luminosity parameters of kilonovae (KNe) associated with gravitational-wave (GW) events, based purely on non-detections. This framework makes use of GW 3-D…

With the enhancement of sensitivity of Gravitational Wave (GW) detectors and capabilities of large survey facilities, such as Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and 2.5-m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST), we now…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-29 Runduo Liang , Zhengyan Liu , Lei Lei , Wen Zhao

Gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers provide critical insights into dense matter physics and strong-field gravity, yet accurate waveform modeling remains computationally intensive. We present a deep generative model for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-14 Mengfei Sun , Jie Wu , Jin Li , Brendan Mccane , Nan Yang , Xianghe Ma , Borui Wang , Minghui Zhang

We present a new inference framework for neutron star astrophysics based on conditional variational autoencoders. Once trained, the generator block of the model reconstructs the neutron star equation of state from a given set of mass-radius…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-23 Márcio Ferreira , Michał Bejger

Mergers of binary neutron stars are multimessenger sources of gravitational waves that have an optical luminous counterpart, commonly referred to as 'kilonova'. Inspired by the detection of GW170817, intensive searches have been conducted…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-23 Runduo Liang , Zhengyan Liu , Lei Lei , Wen Zhao

The observed spectra and light curves of the kilonova produced by the GW170817 binary neutron star merger provide complementary insights, but modeling both the spectral- and time-domain has proven challenging. Here, we model the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-14 Nicholas Vieira , John J. Ruan , Daryl Haggard , Maria R. Drout , Rodrigo Fernández

The binary neutron star merger gravitational-wave signal GW170817 was followed by three electromagnetic counterparts, including a kilonova arising from the radioactivity of freshly synthesized $r$-process elements in ejecta from the merger.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Robert Mochkovitch , Frédéric Daigne , Raphaël Duque , Hannachi Zitouni

In recent years, there have been significant advances in multi-messenger astronomy due to the discovery of the first, and so far only confirmed, gravitational wave event with a simultaneous electromagnetic (EM) counterpart, as well as…

Real-time ranking of optical transient candidates during gravitational-wave (GW) and multimessenger follow-up is challenging when only sparse early-time, multi-band photometry is available.We present \texttt{KilonovaSCORER}, an open-source…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 P. Darc , C. D. Kilpatrick

Kilonovae (KNe) are one of the fastest types of optical transients known, cooling rapidly in the first few days following their neutron-star merger origin. We show here that KN spectral features go through rapid recombination transitions,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-14 Albert Sneppen , Darach Watson , James H. Gillanders , Kasper E. Heintz

We reassess the capacity for multimessenger inference of AT2017gfo/GW170817 using both kilonova and gravitational wave emission within the context of a recent simulation-based surrogate model for kilonova emission. Independent of the…

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