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In the second work of this series, we explore the optimal search strategy for serendipitous and gravitational-wave-triggered target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations of kilonovae and optical short-duration gamma-ray burst (sGRB) afterglows…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-01 Jin-Ping Zhu , Shichao Wu , Yuan-Pei Yang , Chang Liu , Bing Zhang , Hao-Ran Song , He Gao , Zhoujian Cao , Yun-Wei Yu , Yacheng Kang , Lijing Shao

The cataclysmic observations of event GW170817, first as gravitational waves along the inspiral motion of two neutron stars, then as a short $\gamma$-ray burst, and later as a kilonova, launched the era of multimessenger astronomy, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-15 Antonios Tsokaros , Kōji Uryū

The discovery of a second electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave event represents a critical goal in the field of multi-messenger astronomy. In order to determine the optimal strategy for achieving this goal, we perform…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-15 Ved G. Shah , Ryan J. Foley , Gautham Narayan

In this paper, we study an application of deep learning to the advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo coincident detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary star mergers. This deep learning method is an extension of the Deep…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Xilong Fan , Jin Li , Xin Li , Yuanhong Zhong , Junwei Cao

Gravitational waves (GWs) propagating through the universe can be microlensed by stellar and intermediate-mass objects. Lensing induces frequency-dependent amplification of GWs, which can be computed using \texttt{GLoW}, an accurate code…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Marienza Caldarola , Srashti Goyal , Nihar Gupte , Stephen R. Green , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Gravitational waves (GWs) from binary neutron stars (BNSs) offer valuable understanding of the nature of compact objects and hadronic matter, and the science potential will be greatly enhanced by the third-generation (3G) GW detectors,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-02 Qian Hu , Jessica Irwin , Qi Sun , Christopher Messenger , Lami Suleiman , Ik Siong Heng , John Veitch

Revealing the temporal evolution of individual heavy elements synthesized in the merger ejecta from binary neutron star mergers not only improves our understanding of the origin of heavy elements beyond iron but also clarifies the energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-15 Meng-Hua Chen , En-Wei Liang

The radioactively powered transient following a binary neutron star (BNS) merger, known as a kilonova (KN), is expected to enter the steady-state nebular phase a few days after merger. Steady-state holds until thermal reprocessing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-22 Quentin Pognan , Anders Jerkstrand , Jon Grumer

One of the keys to the success of multimessenger astronomy is the rapid identification of the electromagnetic wave counterpart, kilonova (KN), of the gravitational-wave (GW) event. Despite its importance, it is hard to find a KN associated…

The detection of the binary neutron star (BNS) merger, GW170817, was the first success story of multi-messenger observations of compact binary mergers. The inferred merger rate along with the increased sensitivity of the ground-based…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 Deep Chatterjee , Shaon Ghosh , Patrick R. Brady , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Andrew L. Miller , Samaya Nissanke , Francesco Pannarale

The original Li & Paczynski model of kilonova was compared with the observed bolometric optical light curve of the GW170817 electromagnetic counterpart. Perfect agreement is obtained for early observations up to 1.5 days since the time of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-24 Andrzej Kruszewski

It has been demonstrated that the time variability of a star's brightness at different frequencies can be used to infer its surface gravity, radius, mass, and age. With large samples of light curves now available from Kepler and K2, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Melissa K. Ness , Victor Silva Aguirre , Mikkel N. Lund , Matteo Cantiello , Daniel Foreman-Mackey , David W. Hogg , Ruth Angus

We construct a Bayesian inference deep learning machine for parameter estimation of gravitational wave events of binaries of black hole coalescence. The structure of our deep Bayesian machine adopts the conditional variational autoencoder…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-23 Han-Shiang Kuo , Feng-Li Lin

Since the observation of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 and the associated kilonova AT2017gfo, the next joint gravitational-wave/optical kilonova has been highly anticipated. Overlapping observations between the Vera C. Rubin…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-26 Simon Stevenson , Anais Möller , Jade Powell

The merger of two neutron stars has been predicted to produce an optical-infrared transient (lasting a few days) known as a 'kilonova', powered by the radioactive decay of neutron-rich species synthesized in the merger. Evidence that short…

Rapid and robust parameter estimation of gravitational-wave sources is a key component of modern multi-messenger astronomy. We present a novel and straightforward method for rapid parameter estimation of gravitational-wave sources that uses…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-31 Alexander Harvey Nitz

The recently published GWTC-1 - a journal article summarizing the search for gravitational waves (GWs) from coalescing compact binaries in data produced by the LIGO-Virgo network of ground-based detectors during their first and second…

In recent years, improvements in Deep Learning (DL) techniques towards Gravitational Wave (GW) astronomy have led to a significant rise in the development of various classification algorithms that have been successfully employed to extract…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-27 Shashwat Singh , Amitesh Singh , Ankul Prajapati , Kamlesh N Pathak

We study the gravitational-wave trigger GW231109_235456, a sub-threshold binary neutron star merger candidate observed in the first part of the fourth observing run of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. Assuming the trigger is of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-28 Thibeau Wouters , Anna Puecher , Peter T. H. Pang , Tim Dietrich

The binary neutron star merger GW170817 was the first multi-messenger event observed in both gravitational and electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic signal began approximately 2 seconds post-merger with a weak, short burst of…

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