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We prove several decidability and undecidability results for the satisfiability and validity problems for languages that can express solutions to word equations with length constraints. The atomic formulas over this language are equality…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-26 Vijay Ganesh , Mia Minnes , Armando Solar-Lezama , Martin Rinard

The problem of learning a minimal consistent model from a set of labeled sequences of symbols is addressed from a satisfiability modulo theories perspective. We present two encodings for deterministic finite automata and extend one of these…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Rick Smetsers

This paper presents a new refutation procedure for multimodular systems of integer constraints that commonly arise when verifying cryptographic protocols. These systems, involving polynomial equalities and disequalities modulo different…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Elizaveta Pertseva , Alex Ozdemir , Shankara Pailoor , Alp Bassa , Sorawee Porncharoenwase , Işil Dillig , Clark Barrett

Artificial Intelligence problems, ranging form planning/scheduling up to game control, include an essential crucial step: describing a model which accurately defines the problem's required data, requirements, allowed transitions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Andrei Arusoaie , Ionut Pistol

In this paper we present an abstraction-refinement approach to Satisfiability Modulo the theory of transcendental functions, such as exponentiation and trigonometric functions. The transcendental functions are represented as uninterpreted…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Alessandro Cimatti , Alberto Griggio , Ahmed Irfan , Marco Roveri , Roberto Sebastiani

Machine learning is a thriving part of computer science. There are many efficient approaches to machine learning that do not provide strong theoretical guarantees, and a beautiful general learning theory. Unfortunately, machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Charles Jordan , Łukasz Kaiser

This short paper proposes to learn models of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formulas during solving. Specifically, we focus on infinite models for problems in the logic of linear arithmetic with uninterpreted functions (UFLIA). The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Mikoláš Janota , Bartosz Piotrowski , Karel Chvalovský

We define the concept of a monotonic theory and show how to build efficient SMT (SAT Modulo Theory) solvers, including effective theory propagation and clause learning, for such theories. We present examples showing that monotonic theories…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-06-03 Sam Bayless , Noah Bayless , Holger H. Hoos , Alan J. Hu

Satisfiability solvers are increasingly playing a key role in software verification, with particularly effective use in the analysis of security vulnerabilities. String processing is a key part of many software applications, such as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-03-17 Susmit Jha , Sanjit A. Seshia , Rhishikesh Limaye

Modelling problems containing a mixture of Boolean and numerical variables is a long-standing interest of Artificial Intelligence. However, performing inference and learning in hybrid domains is a particularly daunting task. The ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-19 Stefano Teso , Roberto Sebastiani , Andrea Passerini

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) specifications often rely on quantifiers to remain concise and declarative. However, checking the satisfiability of such specifications directly can be inefficient. A common optimization is to ground the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pierre Carbonnelle

Modern software for propositional satisfiability problems gives a powerful automated reasoning toolkit, capable of outputting not only a satisfiable/unsatisfiable signal but also a justification of unsatisfiability in the form of resolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Konstantin Sidorov , Koos van der Linden , Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia , Mathijs de Weerdt , Emir Demirović

Logical reasoning about program data often requires dealing with heap structures as well as scalar data types. Recent advances in Satisfiability Modular Theory (SMT) already offer efficient procedures for dealing with scalars, yet they lack…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-03-12 Juan Antonio Navarro-Pérez , Andrey Rybalchenko

Program analysis and verification require decision procedures to reason on theories of data structures. Many problems can be reduced to the satisfiability of sets of ground literals in theory T. If a sound and complete inference system for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-11 Alessandro Armando , Maria Paola Bonacina , Silvio Ranise , Stephan Schulz

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and SAT solvers are critical components in many formal software tools, primarily due to the fact that they are able to easily solve logical problem instances with millions of variables and clauses. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Gereon Kremer , Erika Abraham , Vijay Ganesh

Answer Set Programming Modulo Theories (ASPMT) is an approach to combining answer set programming and satisfiability modulo theories based on the functional stable model semantics. It is shown that the tight fragment of ASPMT programs can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Michael Bartholomew , Joohyung Lee

Answer set programming (ASP) is a paradigm for declarative problem solving where problems are first formalized as rule sets, i.e., answer-set programs, in a uniform way and then solved by computing answer sets for programs. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-08-31 Mai Nguyen , Tomi Janhunen , Ilkka Niemelä

We analyse the complexity of the satisfiability problem ssmSAT for State Space Models (SSM), which asks whether an input sequence can lead the model to an accepting configuration. We find that ssmSAT is undecidable in general, reflecting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Eric Alsmann , Martin Lange

Dynamic arrays, also referred to as vectors, are fundamental data structures used in many programs. Modeling their semantics efficiently is crucial when reasoning about such programs. The theory of arrays is widely supported but is not…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Ying Sheng , Andres Nötzli , Andrew Reynolds , Yoni Zohar , David Dill , Wolfgang Grieskamp , Junkil Park , Shaz Qadeer , Clark Barrett , Cesare Tinelli

Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) is a well studied real-time, temporal logic that has decidable satisfiability and model checking problems. The decision procedures for MITL rely on the automata theoretic approach, where logic formulas…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Nima Roohi , Mahesh Viswanathan