Related papers: Satisfiability Modulo Extensional Constant Arrays …
An important problem that arises during the execution of service-based applications concerns the ability to determine whether a running service can be substituted with one with a different interface, for example if the former is no longer…
Spatial concurrent constraint programming (SCCP) is an algebraic model of spatial modalities in constrained-based process calculi; it can be used to reason about spatial information distributed among the agents of a system. This work…
We present an approach for the verification of feed-forward neural networks in which all nodes have a piece-wise linear activation function. Such networks are often used in deep learning and have been shown to be hard to verify for modern…
Behavior Trees (BTs) are high-level controllers that are useful in a variety of planning tasks and are gaining traction in robotic mission planning. As they gain popularity in safety-critical domains, it is important to formalize their…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for tasks that implicitly reduce to Boolean satisfiability (SAT), yet their reasoning ability on SAT remains unclear. We present a systematic study of LLMs on 2-SAT and 3-SAT, together with…
Model-based Testing (MBT) is an effective approach for testing when parts of a system-under-test have the characteristics of a finite state machine (FSM). Despite various strategies in the literature on this topic, little work exists to…
We study the problem of formally verifying the robustness to adversarial examples of support vector machines (SVMs), a major machine learning model for classification and regression tasks. Following a recent stream of works on formal…
The coalgebraic $\mu$-calculus provides a generic semantic framework for fixpoint logics over systems whose branching type goes beyond the standard relational setup, e.g. probabilistic, weighted, or game-based. Previous work on the…
We study the satisfiability problem of symbolic tree automata and decompose it into the satisfiability problem of the existential first-order theory of the input characters and the existential monadic second-order theory of the indices of…
There is increasing interest in applying verification tools to programs that have bitvector operations (eg., binaries). SMT solvers, which serve as a foundation for these tools, have thus increased support for bitvector reasoning through…
This paper reviews the recent literature on solving the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), an archetypal NP-complete problem, with the help of machine learning techniques. Despite the great success of modern SAT solvers to solve large…
Recent techniques that integrate \emph{solver layers} into Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown promise in bridging a long-standing gap between inductive learning and symbolic reasoning techniques. In this paper we present a set of…
We propose DAB -- a data-aware extension of the BPMN de-facto standard with the ability of operating over case and persistent data (partitioned into a read-only catalog and a read-write repository), and that balances between expressiveness…
Temporal logic is a very powerful formalism deeply investigated and used in formal system design and verification. Its application usually reduces to solving specific decision problems such as model checking and satisfiability. In these…
The main result of this paper is a proof of the continuity of a family of integral functionals defined on the space of functions of bounded variation with respect to a topology under which smooth functions are dense. These functionals occur…
This paper revisits soundness and completeness of proof systems for proving that sets of states in infinite-state labeled transition systems satisfy formulas in the modal mu-calculus. Our results rely on novel results in lattice theory,…
In classic program synthesis algorithms, such as counterexample-guided inductive synthesis (CEGIS), the algorithms alternate between a synthesis phase and an oracle (verification) phase. Many synthesis algorithms use a white-box oracle…
We discuss the topic of unsatisfiability proofs in SMT, particularly with reference to quantifier free non-linear real arithmetic. We outline how the methods here do not admit trivial proofs and how past formalisation attempts are not…
In this paper, we address the problem of the (reactive) realizability of specifications of theories richer than Booleans, including arithmetic theories. Our approach transforms theory specifications into purely Boolean specifications by (1)…
Given a formula $F$ of satisfiability modulo theory (SMT), the classical SMT solver tries to (1) abstract $F$ as a Boolean formula $F_B$, (2) find a Boolean solution to $F_B$, and (3) check whether the Boolean solution is consistent with…