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Related papers: Lever: Speculative LLM Inference on Smartphones

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This paper introduces SpecInfer, a system that accelerates generative large language model (LLM) serving with tree-based speculative inference and verification. The key idea behind SpecInfer is leveraging small speculative models to predict…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains, yet deploying them on mobile devices remains an arduous challenge due to their extensive computational and memory demands. While lightweight LLMs have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tuowei Wang , Ruwen Fan , Minxing Huang , Zixu Hao , Kun Li , Ting Cao , Youyou Lu , Yaoxue Zhang , Ju Ren

Auto-regressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) is inherently memory-bound: every generation step requires loading the model weights and intermediate results from memory (e.g., High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) for GPU servers), making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuning Han , Yangchenchen Jin , Dylan Zhao , Jingwei Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have shown outstanding performance across numerous real-world tasks. However, the autoregressive nature of these models makes the inference process slow and costly. Speculative decoding has emerged as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Zongyue Qin , Zifan He , Neha Prakriya , Jason Cong , Yizhou Sun

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable powerful multimodal reasoning but suffer from slow autoregressive inference, limiting their deployment in real-time applications. We introduce Spec-LLaVA, a system that applies speculative decoding to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mingxiao Huo , Jiayi Zhang , Hewei Wang , Jinfeng Xu , Zheyu Chen , Huilin Tai , Yijun Chen

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) locally on mobile devices presents a significant challenge due to their extensive memory requirements. In this paper, we introduce LinguaLinked, a system for decentralized, distributed LLM inference on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Junchen Zhao , Yurun Song , Simeng Liu , Ian G. Harris , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on smartphones poses significant engineering challenges due to stringent constraints on memory, latency, and runtime flexibility. In this work, we present a hardware-aware framework for efficient…

Speculative decoding is a pivotal technique to accelerate the inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a smaller draft model to predict the target model's outputs. However, its efficacy can be limited due to the low predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaoxuan Liu , Lanxiang Hu , Peter Bailis , Alvin Cheung , Zhijie Deng , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) excel in video understanding but suffer from high inference latency during autoregressive generation. Speculative Decoding (SD) mitigates this by applying a draft-and-verify paradigm, yet existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yicheng Ji , Jun Zhang , Jinpeng Chen , Cong Wang , Lidan Shou , Gang Chen , Huan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used for Software Engineering (SE) tasks, spanning from function-level code generation to complex repository-level workflows. However, the high latency of autoregressive inference remains a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yijia Li , Junkai Chen , Xing Hu , Xin Xia

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a smaller draft model to propose multiple tokens that are verified by a larger target model in parallel. While prior work demonstrates substantial speedups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Linghao Kong , Megan Flynn , Michael Peng , Nir Shavit , Mark Kurtz , Alexandre Marques

Large language models (LLMs) have become proficient at solving a wide variety of tasks, including those involving multi-modal inputs. In particular, instantiating an LLM (such as LLaMA) with a speech encoder and training it on paired data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Desh Raj , Gil Keren , Junteng Jia , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli

With the increasingly giant scales of (causal) large language models (LLMs), the inference efficiency comes as one of the core concerns along the improved performance. In contrast to the memory footprint, the latency bottleneck seems to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Dawei Song

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from low efficiency as the mismatch between the requirement of auto-regressive decoding and the design of most contemporary GPUs. Specifically, billions to trillions of parameters must be loaded to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Bin Xiao , Chunan Shi , Xiaonan Nie , Fan Yang , Xiangwei Deng , Lei Su , Weipeng Chen , Bin Cui

We present Cacheback Decoding, a training-free and model-agnostic speculative decoding method that exploits the locality in language to accelerate Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Cacheback leverages only Least Recently Used (LRU)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhiyao Ma , In Gim , Lin Zhong

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a small draft model to propose candidate tokens that a larger target model verifies. A critical hyperparameter in this process is the speculation length…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shikhar Shukla

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by employing a small speculative model (SSM) to generate multiple candidate tokens and verify them using the LLM in parallel. This technique has been widely integrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ruixiao Li , Fahao Chen , Peng Li