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Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) represent a significant advancement in text generation, offering parallel token decoding capabilities. However, existing open-source implementations suffer from quality-speed trade-offs that impede…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fanheng Kong , Jingyuan Zhang , Yahui Liu , Zirui Wu , Yu Tian , Victoria W. , Guorui Zhou

Speculative decoding, which combines a draft model with a target model, has emerged as an effective approach to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference. However, existing methods often face a trade-off between the acceptance rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Danying Ge , Jianhua Gao , Qizhi Jiang , Yifei Feng , Weixing Ji

Speculative decoding is an emerging technique that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by allowing a smaller draft model to predict multiple tokens in advance, which are then verified or corrected by a larger target model. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

Speculative Decoding (SD) has emerged as a critical technique for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Unlike deterministic system optimizations, SD performance is inherently data-dependent, meaning that diverse and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Talor Abramovich , Maor Ashkenazi , Izzy Putterman , Benjamin Chislett , Tiyasa Mitra , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Ran Zilberstein , Yonatan Geifman

In spite of the great potential of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks, their deployment on resource-constrained devices remains challenging due to their excessive computational and memory demands. Quantization has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Hao Mark Chen , Fuwen Tan , Alexandros Kouris , Royson Lee , Hongxiang Fan , Stylianos I. Venieris

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by letting draft tokens bypass full verification, but conventional frameworks suffer from frequent false rejections, particularly when draft models produce semantically correct but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xuwen Zhou , Fangxin Liu , Chao Wang , Xiao Zheng , Hao Zheng , Min He , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) offer a compelling paradigm for natural language generation, leveraging parallel decoding and bidirectional attention to achieve superior global coherence compared to autoregressive models. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhongyu Xiao , Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Yong Luo , Jia Liu , Jie Xu , Han Hu

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) represent a new paradigm beyond autoregressive modeling, offering competitive performance while naturally enabling a flexible decoding process. Specifically, dLLMs can generate tokens at arbitrary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sicheng Feng , Zigeng Chen , Xinyin Ma , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Speculative decoding is commonly used for reducing the inference latency of large language models. Its effectiveness depends highly on the speculation lookahead (SL)-the number of tokens generated by the draft model at each iteration. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan Mamou , Oren Pereg , Daniel Korat , Moshe Berchansky , Nadav Timor , Moshe Wasserblat , Roy Schwartz

LLM deployment on resource-constrained edge devices faces severe latency constraints, particularly in real-time applications where delayed responses can compromise safety or usability. Among many approaches to mitigate the inefficiencies of…

Due to the auto-regressive nature of current video large language models (Video-LLMs), the inference latency increases as the input sequence length grows, posing challenges for the efficient processing of video sequences that are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Sicheng Yu , Jiawei Wu , Fengzhuo Zhang , Wei Gao , Qian Liu

Diffusion models have become the mainstream architecture for text-to-image generation, achieving remarkable progress in visual quality and prompt controllability. However, current inference pipelines generally lack interpretable semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zheqi Lv , Junhao Chen , Qi Tian , Keting Yin , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu

Existing Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text through unidirectional autoregressive decoding methods to respond to various user queries. These methods tend to consider token selection in a simple sequential manner, making it easy to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ziqin Luo , Haixia Han , Haokun Zhao , Guochao Jiang , Chengyu Du , Tingyun Li , Jiaqing Liang , Deqing Yang , Yanghua Xiao

Lossless speculative decoding accelerates target large language model (LLM) inference by employing a lightweight draft model for generating tree-structured candidates, which are subsequently verified in parallel by the target LLM.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Lujun Gui , Bin Xiao , Lei Su , Weipeng Chen

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a smaller draft model to propose multiple tokens that are verified by a larger target model in parallel. While prior work demonstrates substantial speedups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Linghao Kong , Megan Flynn , Michael Peng , Nir Shavit , Mark Kurtz , Alexandre Marques

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable emergent abilities across various tasks, yet fall short of complex reasoning and planning tasks. The tree-search-based reasoning methods address this by surpassing the capabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zhenglin Wang , Jialong Wu , Yilong Lai , Congzhi Zhang , Deyu Zhou

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential for high-speed inference. However, current confidence-driven decoding strategies are constrained by limited parallelism, typically achieving only 1--3 tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Chenkai Xu , Yijie Jin , Jiajun Li , Yi Tu , Guoping Long , Dandan Tu , Mingcong Song , Hongjie Si , Tianqi Hou , Junchi Yan , Zhijie Deng

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by separating token proposal from verification, but most existing approaches are designed for single-node execution and do not scale well to multi-accelerator clusters used for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Junhao He , Feiran You , Hongyang Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in recent years, driving up the demand for inference. LLM inference is composed of two phases with distinct characteristics: a compute-bound prefill phase followed by a memory-bound decode…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hengrui Zhang , Pratyush Patel , August Ning , David Wentzlaff

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their high computational demands pose significant challenges for real-time inference, especially in multi-user server speculative decoding and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Phuong Tran , Tzu-Hao Liu , Long Tan Le , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Van Quan La , Eason Yu , Han Shu , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran