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Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are well suited for solving sequence tasks in resource-constrained systems due to their expressivity and low computational requirements. However, there is still a need to bridge the gap between what RNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Anand Subramoney , Khaleelulla Khan Nazeer , Mark Schöne , Christian Mayr , David Kappel

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM), or memristive, devices promise energy-efficient realization of deep learning, when efficiently integrated with mixed-signal integrated circuits on a CMOS substrate. Even though several algorithmic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Vishal Saxena , Xinyu Wu , Kehan Zhu

Classical computing is beginning to encounter fundamental limits of energy efficiency. This presents a challenge that can no longer be solved by strategies such as increasing circuit density or refining standard semiconductor processes. The…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Keshava Katti , Pratik Chaudhari , Deep Jariwala

As neural computation is revolutionizing the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), rethinking the ideal neural hardware is becoming the next frontier. Fast and reliable von Neumann architecture has been the hosting platform for neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yigit Demirag

Low-cost FPGA platforms can broaden access to neuromorphic systems research, but current spiking neural network (SNN) workflows remain divided between hardware-first implementations, which are difficult to integrate with PyTorch-style…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Jiwoon Lee , Souvik Chakraborty , Syed Bahauddin Alam , Cheolsoo Park

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are omnipresent in sequence modeling tasks. Practical models usually consist of several layers of hundreds or thousands of neurons which are fully connected. This places a heavy computational and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Matthijs Van Keirsbilck , Alexander Keller , Xiaodong Yang

Constraining the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) with physically motivated simulations is hampered by the high cost of conventional parameter inference. We present an efficient emulator-based framework that dramatically reduces this bottleneck…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-06 Saptarshi Sarkar , Tirthankar Roy Choudhury

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired computational paradigm, enabling energy-efficient data processing through spike-based information transmission. Despite notable advancements in hardware for SNNs, spike encoding…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 MHD Anas Alsakkal , Runze Wang , Piotr Dudek , Jayawan Wijekoon

Computational hardware designed to mimic biological neural networks holds the promise to resolve the drastically growing global energy demand of artificial intelligence. A wide variety of hardware concepts have been proposed, and among…

Non-Boolean computing based on emerging post-CMOS technologies can potentially pave the way for low-power neural computing platforms. However, existing work on such emerging neuromorphic architectures have either focused on solely mimicking…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Abhronil Sengupta , Yong Shim , Kaushik Roy

A trend towards energy-efficiency, security and privacy has led to a recent focus on deploying DNNs on microcontrollers. However, limits on compute and memory resources restrict the size and the complexity of the ML models deployable in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Fernando García-Redondo , Shidhartha Das , Glen Rosendale

The emergence of resistive non-volatile memories opens the way to highly energy-efficient computation near- or in-memory. However, this type of computation is not compatible with conventional ECC, and has to deal with device unreliability.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Marc Bocquet , Tifenn Hirtzlin , Jacques-Olivier Klein , Etienne Nowak , Elisa Vianello , Jean-Michel Portal , Damien Querlioz

Biological systems leverage top-down feedback for visual processing, yet most artificial vision models succeed in image classification using purely feedforward or recurrent architectures, calling into question the functional significance of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-12 Antonino Greco , Marco D'Alessandro , Karl J. Friston , Giovanni Pezzulo , Markus Siegel

Analog/mixed-signal circuit design is one of the most complex and time-consuming stages in the whole chip design process. Due to various process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations from chip manufacturing, analog circuits inevitably…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Wei Shi , Hanrui Wang , Jiaqi Gu , Mingjie Liu , David Pan , Song Han , Nan Sun

As the world enters the age of ubiquitous computing, the need for reconfigurable hardware operating close to the fundamental limits of energy consumption becomes increasingly pressing. Simultaneously, scaling-driven performance improvements…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Alexantrou Serb , Ali Khiat , Themis Prodromakis

SRAM-based Analog Compute-in-Memory (ACiM) demonstrates promising energy efficiency for deep neural network (DNN) processing. Nevertheless, efforts to optimize efficiency frequently compromise accuracy, and this trade-off remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Wenlun Zhang , Shimpei Ando , Yung-Chin Chen , Kentaro Yoshioka

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the development of artificial intelligence circuits and systems for edge computing applications. In-memory computing mixed-signal neuromorphic architectures provide promising ultra-low-power…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Arianna Rubino , Can Livanelioglu , Ning Qiao , Melika Payvand , Giacomo Indiveri

Deep-learning based noise reduction algorithms have proven their success especially for non-stationary noises, which makes it desirable to also use them for embedded devices like hearing aids (HAs). This, however, is currently not possible…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Hendrik Schröter , Tobias Rosenkranz , Alberto N. Escalante-B. , Pascal Zobel , Andreas Maier

Neural networks are an increasingly attractive algorithm for natural language processing and pattern recognition. Deep networks with >50M parameters are made possible by modern GPU clusters operating at <50 pJ per op and more recently,…

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are state-of-the-art in voice awareness/understanding and speech recognition. On-device computation of RNNs on low-power mobile and wearable devices would be key to applications such as zero-latency…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Francesco Conti , Lukas Cavigelli , Gianna Paulin , Igor Susmelj , Luca Benini