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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks but struggle with consistent rule application, exception handling, and explainability, particularly in domains like legal analysis that require both natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Many promising approaches to symbolic regression have been presented in recent years, yet progress in the field continues to suffer from a lack of uniform, robust, and transparent benchmarking standards. In this paper, we address this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-02 William La Cava , Patryk Orzechowski , Bogdan Burlacu , Fabrício Olivetti de França , Marco Virgolin , Ying Jin , Michael Kommenda , Jason H. Moore

Generative neural models hold great promise in enhancing programming education by synthesizing new content. We seek to design neural models that can automatically generate programming tasks for a given specification in the context of visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Georgios Tzannetos , Adish Singla

Due to the growing complexity of modern Integrated Circuits (ICs), automating hardware design can prevent a significant amount of human error from the engineering process and result in less errors. Verilog is a popular hardware description…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Chia-Tung Ho , Haoxing Ren , Brucek Khailany

Software correctness is ensured mathematically through formal verification, which involves the resources of generating formal requirement specifications and having an implementation that must be verified. Tools such as model-checkers and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities for solving scientific and mathematical problems, yet they struggle to produce valid, challenging, and novel problems - an essential component for advancing LLM training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuhang Lai , Jiazhan Feng , Yee Whye Teh , Ning Miao

Artificial intelligence systems have achieved remarkable capability in natural language processing, perception and decision-making tasks. However, their behaviour often remains opaque and difficult to verify, limiting their applicability in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Modern Integrated Circuits (ICs) are becoming increasingly complex, and so is their development process. Hardware design verification entails a methodical and disciplined approach to the planning, development, execution, and sign-off of…

While automated chemical tools excel at specific tasks, they have struggled to capture the strategic thinking that characterizes expert chemical reasoning. Here we demonstrate that large language models (LLMs) can serve as powerful tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andres M Bran , Theo A Neukomm , Daniel P Armstrong , Zlatko Jončev , Philippe Schwaller

Recent frontier large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in identifying security vulnerabilities in large, mature open-source systems. As LLM-generated code becomes increasingly common, a natural goal is to prevent such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhaorui Li , Chengyu Song

Logical rules are a popular knowledge representation language in many domains, representing background knowledge and encoding information that can be derived from given facts in a compact form. However, rule formulation is a complex process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Cristina Cornelio , Veronika Thost

Temporal synthesis is the automated design of a system that interacts with an environment, using the declarative specification of the system's behavior. A popular language for providing such a specification is Linear Temporal Logic, or LTL.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Shufang Zhu , Lucas M. Tabajara , Jianwen Li , Geguang Pu , Moshe Y. Vardi

The compositional approach is important for reasoning about large and complex systems. In this work, we address synchronous systems with hierarchical structures, which are often used to model cyber-physical systems. We revisit the theory of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Daisuke Ishii

Natural Language Explanation (NLE) aims to elucidate the decision-making process by providing detailed, human-friendly explanations in natural language. It helps demystify the decision-making processes of large vision-language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Patrick Amadeus Irawan , Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Ayu Purwarianti

We introduce NeuroSynt, a neuro-symbolic portfolio solver framework for reactive synthesis. At the core of the solver lies a seamless integration of neural and symbolic approaches to solving the reactive synthesis problem. To ensure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Matthias Cosler , Christopher Hahn , Ayham Omar , Frederik Schmitt

Multimodal program synthesis, which leverages different types of user input to synthesize a desired program, is an attractive way to scale program synthesis to challenging settings; however, it requires integrating noisy signals from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Xi Ye , Qiaochu Chen , Isil Dillig , Greg Durrett

Automatically generating formal specifications including loop invariants, preconditions, and postconditions for legacy code is critical for program understanding, reuse and verification. However, the inherent complexity of control and data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Fanpeng Yang , Xu Ma , Shuling Wang , Xiong Xu , Qinxiang Cao , Naijun Zhan , Xiaofeng Li , Bin Gu

We study the problem of synthesizing programs from nonlinear real arithmetic (NRA) specifications. Existing techniques, such as syntax-guided synthesis (SyGuS), fail to synthesize programs when the specification is unrealizable. We argue…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-26 S. Akshay , Supratik Chakraborty , R. Govind , Aniruddha R. Joshi

This vision paper articulates a long-term research agenda for formal methods at the intersection with artificial intelligence, outlining multiple conceptual and technical dimensions and reporting on our ongoing work toward realising this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Synthesis is a particularly challenging problem for concurrent programs. At the same time it is a very promising approach, since concurrent programs are difficult to get right, or to analyze with traditional verification techniques. This…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Anca Muscholl