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The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is often hindered by the extensive memory requirements of the Key-Value (KV) cache, especially as context lengths increase. Existing approaches to reduce the KV cache size involve either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Alessio Devoto , Yu Zhao , Simone Scardapane , Pasquale Minervini

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth, with frequent access to the key-value (KV) cache dominating data movement. While attention sparsity reduces some memory traffic, the relevance of past…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yunhua Fang , Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Naigang Wang , Meng Wang , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

Recent reasoning large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks but encounter significant computational and memory challenges due to long sequence lengths. KV cache compression has emerged as an effective approach to greatly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mengqi Liao , Lu Wang , Chaoyun Zhang , Zekai Shen , Xiaowei Mao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Huaiyu Wan

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, necessitate substantial GPU memory and consume significant computational resources. Beyond the memory taken up by model weights, the memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Jincheng Dai , Zhuowei Huang , Haiyun Jiang , Chen Chen , Deng Cai , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Vision Transformers (ViTs) deliver state-of-the-art accuracy but their quadratic attention cost and redundant computations severely hinder deployment on latency and resource-constrained platforms. Existing pruning approaches treat either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mohammad Helal Uddin , Liam Seymour , Sabur Baidya

Sequential recommendation models are widely used in applications, yet they face stringent latency requirements. Mainstream models leverage the Transformer attention mechanism to improve performance, but its computational complexity grows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jingyu Li , Zhaocheng Du , Qianhui Zhu , kaiyuan Li , Zhicheng Zhang , Song-Li Wu , Chaolang Li , Pengwen Dai

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse applications. However, their computational overhead during deployment remains a critical bottleneck. While Key-Value (KV) caching effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Insu Han , Zeliang Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Yifan Zhu , Susan Liang , Jiani Liu , Haiting Lin , Mingjie Zhao , Chenliang Xu , Kun Wan , Wentian Zhao

KV cache pruning has emerged as a promising technique for reducing memory and computation costs in long-context auto-regressive generation. Existing methods for vision-language models (VLMs) typically rely on self-attention scores from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Xiaohuan Pei , Tao Huang , Chang Xu

Essential to visual generation is efficient modeling of visual data priors. Conventional next-token prediction methods define the process as learning the conditional probability distribution of successive tokens. Recently, next-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jinhua Zhang , Wei Long , Minghao Han , Weiyi You , Shuhang Gu

Recently, Visual Autoregressive ($\mathsf{VAR}$) Models introduced a groundbreaking advancement in the field of image generation, offering a scalable approach through a coarse-to-fine ``next-scale prediction'' paradigm. Suppose that $n$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yekun Ke , Xiaoyu Li , Yingyu Liang , Zhizhou Sha , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song

As vision-language models (VLMs) tackle increasingly complex and multimodal tasks, the rapid growth of Key-Value (KV) cache imposes significant memory and computational bottlenecks during inference. While Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xiaoran Fan , Zhichao Sun , Tao Ji , Lixing Shen , Tao Gui

Autoregressive (AR) video generation has emerged as a promising paradigm for long-horizon video synthesis, where each frame is generated conditioned on previously generated tokens. To accelerate inference, the KV cache is used to avoid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiayi Luo , Qiyan Liu , Tengyang Wang , JunHao Liu , Jiayu Chen , Cong Wang , Hanxin Zhu , Chen Gao , Xiaobin Hu , Qingyun Sun , Zhibo Chen

Given the quadratic complexity of attention, KV cache eviction is vital to accelerate model inference. Current KV cache eviction methods typically rely on instantaneous heuristic metrics, implicitly assuming that score magnitudes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyao Tang , Pengkun Jiao , Xinhang Chen , Wei Liu , Shiyong Li , Jingjing Chen

While inference-time scaling has significantly enhanced generative quality in large language and diffusion models, its application to vector-quantized (VQ) visual autoregressive modeling (VAR) remains unexplored. We introduce VAR-Scaling,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weidong Tang , Xinyan Wan , Siyu Li , Xiumei Wang

Visual Autoregressive (VAR) models enable efficient image generation via next-scale prediction but face escalating computational costs as sequence length grows. Existing static pruning methods degrade performance by permanently removing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Kaixin Zhang , Ruiqing Yang , Yuan Zhang , Shan You , Tao Huang

Large language model (LLM) applications often reuse previously processed context, such as chat history and documents, which introduces significant redundant computation. Existing LLM serving systems address such redundant computation by…

Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in the areas of video captioning, search, and summarization. However, current Video-LLMs still face challenges with long real-world videos. Recent methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yilong Chen , Xiang Bai , Zhibin Wang , Chengyu Bai , Yuhan Dai , Ming Lu , Shanghang Zhang

With the widespread deployment of long-context large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing demand for efficient support of high-throughput inference. However, as the key-value (KV) cache expands with the sequence length, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hanshi Sun , Li-Wen Chang , Wenlei Bao , Size Zheng , Ningxin Zheng , Xin Liu , Harry Dong , Yuejie Chi , Beidi Chen

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can reason over hour-long video, yet their key-value (KV) cache grows linearly with time-quickly exceeding the fixed memory of phones, AR glasses, and edge robots. Prior compression schemes…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Minsoo Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Jungwook Choi , Simyung Chang

Scaling language models to long contexts is often bottlenecked by the size of the key-value (KV) cache. In deployed settings, long contexts are typically managed through compaction in token space via summarization. However, summarization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Adam Zweiger , Xinghong Fu , Han Guo , Yoon Kim