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Related papers: Web Agents Should Adopt the Plan-Then-Execute Para…

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The evolution of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced the planning capabilities of language agents in diverse real-world scenarios. Despite these advancements, the potential of LLM-powered agents to comprehend ambiguous user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Xuan Zhang , Yang Deng , Zifeng Ren , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

While AI agents demonstrate remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use, they remain fundamentally reactive: they compute responses only after explicit user prompts. This paradigm ignores a critical opportunity: the idle time between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoyi Hu , Qirong Lyu , Xianghan Kong , Weiwen Liu , Jianghao Lin , Zixuan Guo , Yan Xu , Yasheng Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

Planning is a crucial task for agents in task oriented dialogs (TODs). Human agents typically resolve user issues by following predefined workflows, decomposing workflow steps into actionable items, and performing actions by executing APIs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shamik Roy , Sailik Sengupta , Daniele Bonadiman , Saab Mansour , Arshit Gupta

While passive agents merely follow instructions, proactive agents align with higher-level objectives, such as assistance and safety by continuously monitoring the environment to determine when and how to act. However, developing proactive…

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

We introduce WorkBench: a benchmark dataset for evaluating agents' ability to execute tasks in a workplace setting. WorkBench contains a sandbox environment with five databases, 26 tools, and 690 tasks. These tasks represent common business…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Olly Styles , Sam Miller , Patricio Cerda-Mardini , Tanaya Guha , Victor Sanchez , Bertie Vidgen

Deploying LLM-based agents in real-life applications often faces a critical challenge: the misalignment between agents' behavior and user intent. Such misalignment may lead agents to unintentionally execute critical actions that carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Haishuo Fang , Xiaodan Zhu , Iryna Gurevych

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable intelligent multi-robot collaboration but face fundamental trade-offs: open-loop methods that compile tasks into formal representations for external executors produce sound plans but lack adaptability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shaobin Ling , Yun Wang , Chenyou Fan , Tin Lun Lam , Junjie Hu

Efficiently solving real-world problems with LLMs increasingly hinges on their ability to interact with dynamic web environments and autonomously acquire external information. While recent research like Search-R1 and WebDancer demonstrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tao Yu , Zhengbo Zhang , Zhiheng Lyu , Junhao Gong , Hongzhu Yi , Xinming Wang , Yuxuan Zhou , Jiabing Yang , Ping Nie , Yan Huang , Wenhu Chen

Agents based on large language models (LLMs) struggle with brainless trial-and-error and generating hallucinatory actions due to a lack of global planning in long-horizon tasks. In this paper, we introduce a plan-and-execute framework and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shuzheng Si , Haozhe Zhao , Kangyang Luo , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Minjia Zhang , Baobao Chang , Maosong Sun

LLM-based web agents have recently made significant progress, but much of it has occurred in closed-source systems, widening the gap with open-source alternatives. Progress has been held back by two key challenges: first, a narrow focus on…

LLM-based agents often operate in a greedy, step-by-step manner, selecting actions solely based on the current observation without considering long-term consequences or alternative paths. This lack of foresight is particularly problematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Mahir Labib Dihan , Tanzima Hashem , Mohammed Eunus Ali , Md Rizwan Parvez

Software agents can be used to automate many of the tedious, time-consuming information processing tasks that humans currently have to complete manually. However, to do so, agent plans must be capable of representing the myriad of actions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-12 G. Barish , C. A. Knoblock

Large language model (LLM) agents are becoming competent at straightforward web tasks, such as opening an item page or submitting a form, but still struggle with objectives that require long horizon navigation, large scale information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Jingbo Yang , Bairu Hou , Wei Wei , Shiyu Chang , Yujia Bao

Coding agents are increasingly deployed to autonomously maintain software, including to resolve user-reported issues: a bug report comes in and the agent creates a patch to address it. However, in any real-world deployment, they will…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Thibaud Gloaguen , Niels Mündler , Mark Müller , Veselin Raychev , Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained much attention in building autonomous agents. However, the performance of current LLM-based web agents in long-horizon tasks is far from optimal, often yielding errors such as repeatedly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hyungjoo Chae , Namyoung Kim , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Minju Gwak , Gwanwoo Song , Jihoon Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

While Large Language Model-based agents have demonstrated substantial progress in task completion, existing evaluation benchmarks tend to overemphasize single-task performance, with insufficient attention given to the crucial aspects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zirui Wu , Xiao Liu , Jiayi Li , Lingpeng Kong , Yansong Feng

Agentic Web is an emerging paradigm where autonomous agents help users use online information. As the paradigm develops, content providers are also deploying agents to manage their data and serve it through controlled interfaces. This shift…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shanshan Zhong , Kate Shen , Chenyan Xiong
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