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Post-training alignment of large language models (LLMs) relies on large-scale human annotations guided by policy specifications that change over time. Cultural shifts, value reinterpretations, and regulatory or industrial updates make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aakash Sen Sharma , Debdeep Sanyal , Manodeep Ray , Vivek Srivastava , Shirish Karande , Murari Mandal

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently become the dominant paradigm for strengthening the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Yet the rule-based reward functions commonly used on mathematical or programming benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haoyang He , Zihua Rong , Kun Ji , Chenyang Li , Qing Huang , Chong Xia , Lan Yang , Honggang Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models have intensified the need for efficient and deployable models within limited inference budgets. Structured pruning pipelines have shown promise in token efficiency compared to training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yixiao Li , Xianzhi Du , Ajay Jaiswal , Tao Lei , Tuo Zhao , Chong Wang , Jianyu Wang

Language models trained on web-scale corpora risk memorizing and exposing sensitive information, prompting the need for effective machine unlearning. Prior methods mainly focus on input queries to suppress sensitive outputs, yet this often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junbeom Kim , Kyuyoung Kim , Jihoon Tack , Dongha Lim , Jinwoo Shin

Although synthetic data is widely promoted as a remedy, its prevailing production paradigm -- one optimizing for statistical smoothness -- systematically removes the long-tail, cognitively grounded irregularities that characterize human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zhongjie Jiang

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has been propelled by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) and test-time scaling. However, the limited output length of LLMs constrains the depth of reasoning attainable in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shulin Liu , Dong Du , Tao Yang , Yang Li , Boyu Qiu

Despite pre-trained language models have proven useful for learning high-quality semantic representations, these models are still vulnerable to simple perturbations. Recent works aimed to improve the robustness of pre-trained models mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Dong Wang , Ning Ding , Piji Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

Existing reasoning data curation pipelines score whole samples, treating every intermediate step as equally valuable. In reality, steps within a trace contribute very unevenly, and selecting reasoning data well requires assessing them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junjie Li , Ziao Wang , NingXuan Ma , Jianghong Ma , Xiaofeng Zhang

Test-time compute scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional computational resources during inference. However, current methods employ uniform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yang Xiao , Chunpu Xu , Ruifeng Yuan , Jiashuo Wang , Wenjie Li , Pengfei Liu

Listwise reranking utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved state-of-the-art retrieval effectiveness. Recently, reasoning-enhanced models have further pushed these boundaries by employing Chain-of-Thought (CoT) to perform deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Danyang Liu , Kan Li

Instruction-based image editing has emerged as a prominent research area, which, benefiting from image generation foundation models, have achieved high aesthetic quality, making instruction-following capability the primary challenge.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Hongyu Li , Manyuan Zhang , Dian Zheng , Ziyu Guo , Yimeng Jia , Kaituo Feng , Hao Yu , Yexin Liu , Yan Feng , Peng Pei , Xunliang Cai , Linjiang Huang , Hongsheng Li , Si Liu

Long chain-of-thought~(CoT) has become a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capability of large reasoning models~(LRMs); however, the performance gains often come with a substantial increase in reasoning budget. Recent studies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Zhenxuan Fan , Bo Yuan , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang

Targeting the issues of "shortcuts" and insufficient contextual understanding in complex cross-modal reasoning of multimodal large models, this paper proposes a zero-shot multimodal reasoning component guided by human-like cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhou-Peng Shou , Zhi-Qiang You , Fang Wang , Hai-Bo Liu

Hybrid reasoning language models are commonly controlled through high-level Think/No-think instructions to regulate reasoning behavior, yet we found that such mode switching is largely driven by a small set of trigger tokens rather than the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wang Yang , Debargha Ganguly , Xinpeng Li , Chaoda Song , Shouren Wang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

Visual long-document understanding is critical for enterprise, legal, and scientific applications, yet the best performing open recipes have not explored reasoning, a capability which has driven leaps in math and code performance. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Austin Veselka

Reasoning language models such as DeepSeek-R1 produce long chain-of-thought traces during inference time which make them costly to deploy at scale. We show that using compression techniques such as neural network pruning produces greater…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ryan Lucas , Kayhan Behdin , Zhipeng Wang , Qingquan Song , Shao Tang , Rahul Mazumder

Reinforcement learning substantially improves reasoning in large language models, but it also tends to lengthen chain of thought outputs and increase computational cost during both training and inference. Though length control methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Daisuke Nohara , Taishi Nakamura , Rio Yokota

As agents based on large language models are increasingly deployed to long-horizon tasks, maintaining their alignment with stakeholder preferences becomes critical. Effective alignment in such settings requires reward models that are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Charlie Masters , Marta Grześkiewicz , Stefano V. Albrecht

The Transformer architecture, despite its widespread success, struggles with long-context scenarios due to quadratic computation and linear memory growth. While various linear attention variants mitigate these efficiency constraints by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yuqi Pan , Yongqi An , Zheng Li , Yuhong Chou , Ruijie Zhu , Xiaohui Wang , Mingxuan Wang , Jinqiao Wang , Guoqi Li

A coding agent executes a benign task as a sequence of shell, file, and network actions, any of which can quietly exceed the authorized scope while the task still completes. We call this overeager behavior: the prompt is not adversarial and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yubin Qu , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yanjun Zhang , Yuekang Li , Ying Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang