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Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…

In this paper, we propose a post-training quantization framework of large vision-language models (LVLMs) for efficient multi-modal inference. Conventional quantization methods sequentially search the layer-wise rounding functions by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Changyuan Wang , Ziwei Wang , Xiuwei Xu , Yansong Tang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

GEneral Matrix Multiply (GEMM) is a central operation in deep learning and corresponds to the largest chunk of the compute footprint. Therefore, improving its efficiency is an active topic of ongoing research. A popular strategy is the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Zhanpeng Zeng , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam , Vikas Singh

The number of parameters in deep neural networks (DNNs) is rapidly increasing to support complicated tasks and to improve model accuracy. Correspondingly, the amount of computations and required memory footprint increase as well.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Yongkweon Jeon , Baeseong Park , Se Jung Kwon , Byeongwook Kim , Jeongin Yun , Dongsoo Lee

In deep networks, operations such as ReLU and hardware-driven clamping often cause activations to accumulate near the edges of the distribution, leading to biased clustering and suboptimal quantization in existing nonlinear (NL)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Shuai Dong , Junyi Yang , Biyan Zhou , Hongyang Shang , Gourav Datta , Arindam Basu

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices faces severe computational and memory constraints, limiting real-time processing and on-device intelligence. Hybrid architectures combining Structured State Space Models (SSMs) with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jason Kong , Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance on vision generation tasks. However, the high computational complexity hinders its wide application on edge devices. Quantization has emerged as a promising technique for inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weilun Feng , Chuanguang Yang , Haotong Qin , Yuqi Li , Xiangqi Li , Zhulin An , Libo Huang , Boyu Diao , Fuzhen Zhuang , Michele Magno , Yongjun Xu , Yingli Tian , Tingwen Huang

Weight-only quantization has become a standard approach for efficiently serving large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods fail to efficiently compress models to binary (1-bit) levels, as they either require large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hyochan Chong , Dongkyu Kim , Changdong Kim , Minseop Choi

Secure Multi-party Computation (MPC) enables untrusted parties to jointly compute a function without revealing their inputs. Its application to machine learning (ML) has gained significant attention, particularly for secure inference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Tingting Tang , Yongqin Wang , Murali Annavaram

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on edge devices (e.g., smartphones and robots) is crucial for enabling low-latency and privacy-preserving intelligent applications. Given the resource constraints of these devices, quantization offers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tianyu Guo , Shanwei Zhao , Shiai Zhu , Chenguang Ma

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, their massive parameter counts and associated extensive computing make LLMs' deployment the main part of carbon emission from nowadays AI applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jie Peng , Zhang Cao , Huaizhi Qu , Zhengyu Zhang , Chang Guo , Yanyong Zhang , Zhichao Cao , Tianlong Chen

Improving the efficiency of inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical area of research. Post-training Quantization (PTQ) is a popular technique, but it often faces challenges at low-bit levels, particularly in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjin Ke , Zhe Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse language tasks. But their deployment is often constrained by their substantial computational and storage requirements. Quantization has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Pranav Ajit Nair , Arun Sai Suggala

We demonstrate, for the first time, fully quantized training (FQT) of large language models (LLMs) using predominantly 4-bit floating-point (FP4) precision for weights, activations, and gradients on datasets up to 200 billion tokens. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Brian Chmiel , Maxim Fishman , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry

We present a versatile open-source framework designed to facilitate efficient, numerically-tailored Matrix-Matrix Multiplications (MMMs). The framework offers two primary contributions: first, a fine-tuned, automated pipeline for arithmetic…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Louis Ledoux , Marc Casas

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way we think about language understanding and generation, enthralling both researchers and developers. However, deploying LLMs for inference has been a significant challenge due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Dibakar Gope , David Mansell , Danny Loh , Ian Bratt

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance across various tasks. However, their autoregressive decoding process poses significant challenges for efficient deployment on existing AI hardware. Quantization alleviates memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guanxi Lu , Hao Mark Chen , Zhiqiang Que , Wayne Luk , Hongxiang Fan

As deep learning (DL) is being rapidly pushed to edge computing, researchers invented various ways to make inference computation more efficient on mobile/IoT devices, such as network pruning, parameter compression, and etc. Quantization, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Tao Sheng , Chen Feng , Shaojie Zhuo , Xiaopeng Zhang , Liang Shen , Mickey Aleksic