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Transformers process tokens in parallel but are temporally shallow: at position $t$, each layer attends to key-value pairs computed based on the previous layer, yielding a depth capped by the number of layers. Recurrent models offer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Depen Morwani , Samy Jelassi , Alexandru Meterez , Mujin Kwun , Sham Kakade

The dominant sequence transduction models are based on complex recurrent or convolutional neural networks in an encoder-decoder configuration. The best performing models also connect the encoder and decoder through an attention mechanism.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Ashish Vaswani , Noam Shazeer , Niki Parmar , Jakob Uszkoreit , Llion Jones , Aidan N. Gomez , Lukasz Kaiser , Illia Polosukhin

Lifelong learning or continual learning is the problem of training an AI agent continuously while also preventing it from forgetting its previously acquired knowledge. Streaming lifelong learning is a challenging setting of lifelong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Soumya Banerjee , Vinay K. Verma , Avideep Mukherjee , Deepak Gupta , Vinay P. Namboodiri , Piyush Rai

Transformer-based models dominate modern AI workloads but exacerbate memory bottlenecks due to their quadratic attention complexity and ever-growing model sizes. Existing accelerators, such as Groq and Cerebras, mitigate off-chip traffic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jinxin Yu , Yudong Pan , Mengdi Wang , Huawei Li , Yinhe Han , Xiaowei Li , Ying Wang

Current transformers discard their rich latent residual stream between positions, reconstructing latent reasoning context at each new position and leaving potential reasoning capacity untapped. The State Stream Transformer (SST) V2 enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Thea Aviss

The Transformer architecture has revolutionized deep learning on sequential data, becoming ubiquitous in state-of-the-art solutions for a wide variety of applications. Yet vanilla Transformers are notoriously resource-expensive, requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Valerii Likhosherstov , Krzysztof Choromanski , Jared Davis , Xingyou Song , Adrian Weller

Current systems for data-parallel, incremental processing and view maintenance over high-rate streams isolate the execution of independent queries. This creates unwanted redundancy and overhead in the presence of concurrent incrementally…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Frank McSherry , Andrea Lattuada , Malte Schwarzkopf , Timothy Roscoe

Recently, Transformer based end-to-end models have achieved great success in many areas including speech recognition. However, compared to LSTM models, the heavy computational cost of the Transformer during inference is a key issue to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Xie Chen , Yu Wu , Zhenghao Wang , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li

Transformer-based large language model (LLM) inference serving is now the backbone of many cloud services. LLM inference consists of a prefill phase and a decode phase. However, existing LLM deployment practices often overlook the distinct…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Cunchen Hu , Heyang Huang , Liangliang Xu , Xusheng Chen , Jiang Xu , Shuang Chen , Hao Feng , Chenxi Wang , Sa Wang , Yungang Bao , Ninghui Sun , Yizhou Shan

Temporal Graph Neural Networks (TGNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on dynamic graph tasks, yet existing systems focus exclusively on accelerating training -- at inference time, every new edge triggers $O(|V|)$ embedding updates even…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lingling Zhang , Pengpeng Qiao , Zhiwei Zhang , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in long context generation. Extending the context length has disproportionately shifted the memory footprint of LLMs during inference to the key-value cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Cheng Luo , Zefan Cai , Hanshi Sun , Jinqi Xiao , Bo Yuan , Wen Xiao , Junjie Hu , Jiawei Zhao , Beidi Chen , Anima Anandkumar

Generative driving world models rely on compact latent state representations that must be efficiently transmitted and synchronized across distributed compute and connected vehicles. We study network-efficient streaming of a discrete world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shatadal Mishra , Ahmadreza Moradipari , Nejib Ammar

Large Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in neural machine translation and have become standard in the field. In this work, we look for the optimal combination of known techniques to optimize inference speed without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Yi-Te Hsu , Sarthak Garg , Yi-Hsiu Liao , Ilya Chatsviorkin

In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate streaming speech recognition model based on the FastConformer architecture. We adapted the FastConformer architecture for streaming applications through: (1) constraining both the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Vahid Noroozi , Somshubra Majumdar , Ankur Kumar , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

In this paper we present a Transformer-Transducer model architecture and a training technique to unify streaming and non-streaming speech recognition models into one model. The model is composed of a stack of transformer layers for audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Anshuman Tripathi , Jaeyoung Kim , Qian Zhang , Han Lu , Hasim Sak

The Transformer architecture has become a cornerstone of modern artificial intelligence, but its core self-attention mechanism suffers from a complexity bottleneck that scales quadratically with sequence length, severely limiting its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhongpan Tang

Transformer-based language models have found many diverse applications requiring them to process sequences of increasing length. For these applications, the causal self-attention -- which is the only component scaling quadratically w.r.t.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Matteo Pagliardini , Daniele Paliotta , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology is revolutionizing the computing industry. Not only its applications have broadened to various sectors but also poses new system design and optimization opportunities. The technology is…

Modern diffusion models, particularly those utilizing a Transformer-based UNet for denoising, rely heavily on self-attention operations to manage complex spatial relationships, thus achieving impressive generation performance. However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Songhua Liu , Weihao Yu , Zhenxiong Tan , Xinchao Wang

LLM inference powers latency-critical production services nowadays. The bursty nature of inference traffic results in over-provisioning, which in turn leads to resource underutilization. While online-offline colocation promises to utilize…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Fangyue Liu , Hua Liu , Xinyuan Lyu , Shuo Ai , Hao Liang , Lingpeng Chen , Ziqian Hu , Chong Zha , Xin Jin , Hanmei Luo , Peng Chen
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