Related papers: When Does the Dice Sum Become Prime?
What is the number of rolls of fair 6-sided dice until the first time the total sum of all rolls is a prime? We compute the expectation and the variance of this random variable up to an additive error of less than 10^{-4}. This is a…
Alon and Malinovsky recently proved that it takes on average $2.42849\ldots$ rolls of fair six-sided dice until the first time the total sum of all rolls arrives at a prime. Naturally, one may extend the scenario to dice with a different…
Noga Alon and Yaakov Malinovsky recently studied the following game: you start at 0, and keep rolling a fair standard die, and add the outcomes until the sum happens to be prime. We generalize this in several ways, illustrating the power of…
We study the expected number of rolls required for the cumulative sum of a fair six-sided die to first enter a prescribed target set $H\subset\mathbb{Z}_{\ge0}$. A one-variable dynamic-programming formulation is introduced that removes…
A closed form is found for the expected number of rolls of a fair n-sided die until three consecutive increasing values are seen. The answer is rational, and the greatest common divisor of the numerator and denominator is given in terms of…
We create a simple test for distinguishing between sets of primes and random numbers using just the sum-of-digits function. We find that the sum-of-the-digits of prime numbers does not have an equal probability of being odd or even. The…
In this paper it was shown that all prime numbers lie on 96 half-lines. At the same time, it was shown that if a given number does not lie on any of the above half-lines, then it is a composite number. A corresponding linear mathematical…
Let $S=(d_1,d_2,d_3, \ldots )$ be an infinite sequence of rolls of independent fair dice. For an integer $k \geq 1$, let $L_k=L_k(S)$ be the smallest $i$ so that there are $k$ integers $j \leq i$ for which $\sum_{t=1}^j d_t$ is a prime.…
This paper looks into the gain or loss from rolling a fair die multiple times and choosing the highest or lowest number as the outcome over rolling the die just once. Specifically, this paper gives a general formula for the expected value…
We give an implementation of an algorithm that uses fair coin flips to simulate fair rolls of an $n$-sided die. A register plays the role of an entropy pool and holds entropy that is generated as a by-product during each die roll and that…
We show how to simulate a roll of a fair $n$-sided die by one flip of a biased coin with probability $1/n$ of coming up heads, followed by $3\lfloor\log_2 n \rfloor+1$ flips of a fair coin.
Recently we have introduced a novel characterisation of the distribution of twin primes that consists of three essential elements. These are: that the twins are most naturally viewed as a subsequence of the primes themselves, that the…
We present a variety of prime-generating constructions that are based on sums of primes. The constructions come in all shapes and sizes, varying in the number of dimensions and number of generated primes. Our best result is a construction…
The Prime Number Theorem states that the number of primes in $\{1,\ldots,x\}$, denoted $\pi(x)$, is approximately $\frac{x}{\ln(x)}$. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of primes for domains other than $\N$. First we look at…
In this paper, a matrix is said to be prime if the row and column of this matrix are both prime numbers. We establish various necessary and sufficient conditions for developing matrices into the sum of tensor products of prime matrices. For…
In this paper we present and expand upon procedures for obtaining large d digit prime number to an arbitrary probability. We use a layered approach. The first step is to limit the pool of random number to exclude numbers that are obviously…
Dickson conjectured that a set of polynomials will take on infinitely many simultaneous prime values. Later others, such as Hardy and Littlewood, gave estimates for the number of these primes. In this article we look at this conjecture,…
While the prime numbers have been subject to mathematical inquiry since the ancient Greeks, the accumulated effort of understanding these numbers has - as Marcus du Sautoy recently phrased it - 'not revealed the origins of what makes the…
An $n$-sided die is an $n$-tuple of positive integers. We say that a die $(a_1,\dots,a_n)$ beats a die $(b_1,\dots,b_n)$ if the number of pairs $(i,j)$ such that $a_i>b_j$ is greater than the number of pairs $(i,j)$ such that $a_i<b_j$. We…
In this work we show that the prime distribution is deterministic. Indeed the set of prime numbers P can be expressed in terms of two subsets of N using three specific selection rules, acting on two sets of prime candidates. The prime…