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Autonomous driving requires an understanding of the static environment from sensor data. Learned Bird's-Eye View (BEV) encoders are commonly used to fuse multiple inputs, and a vector decoder predicts a vectorized map representation from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Thomas Monninger , Zihan Zhang , Zhipeng Mo , Md Zafar Anwar , Steffen Staab , Sihao Ding

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is a key enabler of high speed, ultra low latency vehicular communication in 6G. ISAC leverages radar signal processing (RSP) to localize multiple unknown targets amid static clutter by jointly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Aakanksha Tewari , Jai Mangal , Sumit J Darak , Shobha Sundar Ram , Arnav Shukla

Embodied outdoor scene understanding forms the foundation for autonomous agents to perceive, analyze, and react to dynamic driving environments. However, existing 3D understanding is predominantly based on 2D Vision-Language Models (VLMs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Runwei Guan , Jianan Liu , Ningwei Ouyang , Shaofeng Liang , Daizong Liu , Xiaolou Sun , Lianqing Zheng , Ming Xu , Yutao Yue , Guoqiang Mao , Hui Xiong

The upcoming sixth generation (6G) wireless communication network is envisioned to cover space, air, and maritime areas, in addition to urban-centered terrestrial coverage by the fifth generation (5G) network, to support intelligent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Wei Feng , Yanmin Wang , Yunfei Chen , Ning Ge , Cheng-Xiang Wang

As essential aerial platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an increasingly important role in broad wireless connectivity and high-data-rate transmission for future communication systems. Notably, various communication scenarios are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-19 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Ke Guan , César Briso-Rodríguez , Bo Ai , Zhangdui Zhong , Claude Oestges

LiDAR has become a standard sensor for autonomous driving applications as they provide highly precise 3D point clouds. LiDAR is also robust for low-light scenarios at night-time or due to shadows where the performance of cameras is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Khaled El Madawy , Hazem Rashed , Ahmad El Sallab , Omar Nasr , Hanan Kamel , Senthil Yogamani

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) can substantially improve spectral, hardware, and energy efficiency by unifying radar sensing and data communications. In wideband and scattering-rich environments, clutter often dominates weak…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Rang Liu , Peishi Li , Ming Li , A. Lee Swindlehurst

In this paper, a pervasive wireless channel modeling theory is first proposed, which uses a unified channel modeling method and a unified equation of channel impulse response (CIR), and can integrate important channel characteristics at…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-07 Cheng-Xiang Wang , Zhen Lv , Xiqi Gao , Xiaohu You , Yang Hao , Harald Haas

Artificial intelligence (AI)-native three-dimensional (3D) spectrum maps are crucial in spectrum monitoring for intelligent communication networks. However, it is challenging to obtain and transmit 3D spectrum maps in a spectrum-efficient,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Wei Wu , Lingyi Wang , Fuhui Zhou , Zhaohui Yang , Qihui Wu

Grid mapping is a fundamental approach to modeling the environment of intelligent vehicles or robots. Compared with object-based environment modeling, grid maps offer the distinct advantage of representing the environment without requiring…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Robin Dehler , Dominik Authaler , Aryan Thakur , Thomas Wodtko , Michael Buchholz

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) have garnered significant attention due to their extended perception range and enhanced sensing coverage. To address challenges such as blind spots and obstructions, CAVs employ vehicle-to-vehicle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Haonan An , Zhengru Fang , Yuang Zhang , Senkang Hu , Xianhao Chen , Guowen Xu , Yuguang Fang

Cellular Vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication has been proposed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project release 14 standard to address the latency and reliability requirements of cooperative safety applications. Such applications…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Behrad Toghi , Md Saifuddin , Yaser P. Fallah , M. O. Mughal

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) plays a critical role in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems for sixth-generation (6G) millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks, enabling environmental awareness and precise user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Hang Que , Jie Yang , Tao Du , Shuqiang Xia , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

The sixth-generation (6G) network will shift its focus to supporting everything including various machine-type devices (MTDs) in an everyone-centric manner. To ubiquitously cover the MTDs working in rural and disastrous areas, satellite…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-17 Yueshan Lin , Wei Feng , Ting Zhou , Yanmin Wang , Yunfei Chen , Ning Ge , Cheng-Xiang Wang

Given the explosive growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices ranging from the two-dimensional (2D) ground to the three-dimensional (3D) space, it is a necessity to establish a 3D spectrum map to comprehensively present and effectively…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-07 Qihui Wu , Feng Shen , Zheng Wang , Guoru Ding

In this paper, a recently conducted measurement campaign for unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) channels is introduced. The downlink signals of an in-service long-time-evolution (LTE) network which is deployed in a suburban scenario were…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-27 Xuesong Cai , José Rodríguez-Piñeiro , Xuefeng Yin , Bo Ai , Gert Frølund Pedersen , Antonio Pérez Yuste

Swarms of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have demonstrated enormous potential in many industrial and commercial applications. However, before deploying UAVs in the real world, it is essential to ensure they can operate safely in complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Longhao Yan , Jingyuan Zhou , Kaidi Yang

The design and technology development of 6G-enabled networked intelligent systems needs an accurate real-time channel model as the cornerstone. However, with the new requirements of 6G-enabled networked intelligent systems, the conventional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Lu Bai , Zengrui Han , Xuesong Cai , Xiang Cheng

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) geometry based stochastic model (GBSM) for a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system employing practical discrete intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is proposed. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-27 Yingzhuo Sun , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Jie Huang , Jun Wang

A novel unified framework of geometry-based stochastic models (GBSMs) for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed general 5G channel model aims at capturing small-scale fading channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Shangbin Wu , Cheng-Xiang Wang , el-Hadi M. Aggoune , Mohammed M. Alwakeel , Xiao-Hu You