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This study proposes a method for knowledge distillation (KD) of fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient, and accurate neural networks. We specifically target the challenge of deploying these models on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Ehsan Latif , Luyang Fang , Ping Ma , Xiaoming Zhai

This work studies knowledge distillation (KD) for large language models (LLMs) through preference optimization. We propose a reward-guided imitation learning framework for sequential KD, formulating a min-max optimization problem between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chen Jia

Pre-trained language models have become an integral component of question-answering systems, achieving remarkable performance. However, for practical deployment, it is crucial to perform knowledge distillation to maintain high performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Wenjie Zhou , Zhenxin Ding , Xiaodong Zhang , Haibo Shi , Junfeng Wang , Dawei Yin

On-policy distillation (OPD), which samples trajectories from the student model and supervises them with a teacher at the token level, avoids relying solely on verifiable terminal rewards and can yield better generalization than off-policy…

Knowledge distillation (KD) has become a powerful tool for training compact student models using larger, pretrained teacher models, often requiring less data and computational resources. Teacher models typically possess more layers and thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Edvin Fasth , Sagar Singh

The alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning heavily relies on Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). However, standard algorithms like GRPO apply sequence-level rewards uniformly to all tokens,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhenlin Wei , Pu Jian , Yingzhuo Deng , Xiaohan Wang , Jiajun Chai , Zhexin Hu , Wei Lin , Shanbin Zhang , Guojun Yin

Ensemble knowledge distillation can extract knowledge from multiple teacher models and encode it into a single student model. Many existing methods learn and distill the student model on labeled data only. However, the teacher models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Yongfeng Huang

Recent advances in knowledge distillation (KD) have enabled smaller student models to approach the performance of larger teacher models. However, popular methods such as supervised KD and on-policy KD, are adversely impacted by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Wenda Xu , Rujun Han , Zifeng Wang , Long T. Le , Dhruv Madeka , Lei Li , William Yang Wang , Rishabh Agarwal , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful paradigm for optimizing large language models (LLMs) to handle complex reasoning tasks. A core challenge in this process lies in managing policy entropy, which reflects the balance between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhenpeng Su , Leiyu Pan , Minxuan Lv , Yuntao Li , Wenping Hu , Fuzheng Zhang , Kun Gai , Guorui Zhou

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) support reasoning over time-evolving facts, yet state-of-the-art models are often computationally heavy and costly to deploy. Existing compression and distillation techniques are largely designed for static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Wang Xing , Wei Song , Siyu Lin , Chen Wu , Man Wang

Recent recommender systems have started to employ knowledge distillation, which is a model compression technique distilling knowledge from a cumbersome model (teacher) to a compact model (student), to reduce inference latency while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 SeongKu Kang , Junyoung Hwang , Wonbin Kweon , Hwanjo Yu

Efficient distillation is a key pathway for converting expensive reasoning capability into deployable efficiency, yet in the frontier regime where the student already has strong reasoning ability, naive continual distillation often yields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhanming Shen , Jiaqi Hu , Zeyu Qin , Hao Chen , Wentao Ye , Zenan Huang , Yihong Zhuang , Guoshan Lu , Junlin Zhou , Junbo Zhao

With the rise of powerful closed-sourced LLMs (ChatGPT, GPT-4), there are increasing interests in distilling the capabilies of close-sourced LLMs to smaller open-sourced LLMs. Previous distillation methods usually prompt ChatGPT to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Hailin Chen , Amrita Saha , Steven Hoi , Shafiq Joty

We explore a novel perspective of knowledge distillation (KD) for learning to rank (LTR), and introduce Self-Distilled neural Rankers (SDR), where student rankers are parameterized identically to their teachers. Unlike the existing ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Zhen Qin , Le Yan , Yi Tay , Honglei Zhuang , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

Recent language models have shown remarkable performance on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. However, they are often sub-optimal when faced with ambiguous samples that can be interpreted in multiple ways, over-confidently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Hancheol Park , Soyeong Jeong , Sukmin Cho , Jong C. Park

Knowledge distillation is a technique to enhance the generalization ability of a student model by exploiting outputs from a teacher model. Recently, feature-map based variants explore knowledge transfer between manually assigned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Defang Chen , Jian-Ping Mei , Yuan Zhang , Can Wang , Yan Feng , Chun Chen

Large-scale contrastive learning models can learn very informative sentence embeddings, but are hard to serve online due to the huge model size. Therefore, they often play the role of "teacher", transferring abilities to small "student"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chaochen Gao , Xing Wu , Peng Wang , Jue Wang , Liangjun Zang , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) is difficult to scale to small language models due to instability in long-horizon tool interactions and limited model capacity. While reinforcement learning methods like group relative policy optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Qiyong Zhong , Mao Zheng , Mingyang Song , Xin Lin , Jie Sun , Houcheng Jiang , Xiang Wang , Junfeng Fang

Policy distillation, which transfers a teacher policy to a student policy has achieved great success in challenging tasks of deep reinforcement learning. This teacher-student framework requires a well-trained teacher model which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Kwei-Herng Lai , Daochen Zha , Yuening Li , Xia Hu

We study self-distillation in settings where supervision is unreliable: there are no ground truth labels, verifiable rewards, or external graders to evaluate answers. We focus on document-grounded question answering with asymmetric context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Alex Stein , Furong Huang , Tom Goldstein