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Knowledge distillation is a key technique for transferring the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient student models. Existing distillation approaches often overlook two critical factors: the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jincheng Cao , Fanzhi Zeng , Leqi Liu , Aryan Mokhtari

Distilled self-supervised models have shown competitive performance and efficiency in recent years. However, there is a lack of experience in jointly distilling multiple self-supervised speech models. In our work, we performed Ensemble…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Kuan-Po Huang , Tzu-hsun Feng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Tsu-Yuan Hsu , Po-Chieh Yen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced their reasoning abilities, enabling increasingly complex tasks. However, these capabilities often diminish in smaller, more computationally efficient models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yong Zhang , Bingyuan Zhang , Zhitao Li , Ming Li , Ning Cheng , Minchuan Chen , Tao Wei , Jun Ma , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

We propose a simple yet effective method to compress an RNN-Transducer (RNN-T) through the well-known knowledge distillation paradigm. We show that the transducer's encoder outputs naturally have a high entropy and contain rich information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Rupak Vignesh Swaminathan , Brian King , Grant P. Strimel , Jasha Droppo , Athanasios Mouchtaris

Knowledge distillation is used, in generative language modeling, to train a smaller student model using the help of a larger teacher model, resulting in improved capabilities for the student model. In this paper, we formulate a more general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Guanlin Liu , Anand Ramachandran , Tanmay Gangwani , Yan Fu , Abhinav Sethy

Distilling multi-step reasoning abilities from large language models (LLMs) into compact student models remains challenging due to noisy rationales, hallucinated supervision, and static teacher-student interactions. Existing reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kasidit Sermsri , Teerapong Panboonyuen

Safety alignment often improves robustness to harmful queries at the cost of reasoning ability, a tradeoff known as the safety tax. A common cause is distributional mismatch: supervised fine-tuning trains the target model on safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yu Fu , Longxuan Yu , Haz Sameen Shahgir , Zhipeng Wei , Hui Liu , N. Benjamin Erichson , Yue Dong

Knowledge distillation (KD) is widely used for compressing a teacher model to reduce its inference cost and memory footprint, by training a smaller student model. However, current KD methods for auto-regressive sequence models suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Rishabh Agarwal , Nino Vieillard , Yongchao Zhou , Piotr Stanczyk , Sabela Ramos , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Bachem

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality process data. While self-alignment via endogenous rewards offers a solution, mining valid supervision faces three challenges: (1) Label…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanyu Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Dianzhi Yu , Zheng Wu , Jiahong Liu , Jiaming Han , Xiao Guo , Jinhu Qi , Yu Li , Yifei Zhang , Irwin King

Knowledge distillation has attracted a great deal of interest recently to compress pre-trained language models. However, existing knowledge distillation methods suffer from two limitations. First, the student model simply imitates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Siyue Wu , Hongzhan Chen , Xiaojun Quan , Qifan Wang , Rui Wang

Knowledge distillation (KD) has shown great promise in transferring knowledge from larger teacher models to smaller student models. However, existing KD strategies for large language models often minimize output distributions between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yuncheng Song , Liang Ding , Changtong Zan , Shujian Huang

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…

Audio Large Language Models (ALLMs) are highly vulnerable to real-world noise, which often induces severe semantic drift and hallucinations. Existing robustness methods primarily rely on waveform-level acoustic enhancement, answer-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Liang Lin , Chunxi Luo , Kaiwen Luo , Jie Zhang , Jin Wang , Yuanhe Zhang , Cai Yuchen , Qiankun Li , Gongli Xi , Zhenhong Zhou , Kun Wang , Junhao Dong

This paper proposes the DistillCSE framework, which performs contrastive learning under the self-training paradigm with knowledge distillation. The potential advantage of DistillCSE is its self-enhancing feature: using a base model to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Jiahao Xu , Wei Shao , Lihui Chen , Lemao Liu

Recent analyses question whether reinforcement learning (RL) is responsible for strong reasoning in large language models (LLMs). At the same time, distillation and inference-time sampling, including power sampling, have emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Akiyoshi Tomihari , Issei Sato

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers capabilities from large language models (LLMs) to smaller students, yet it can fail unpredictably and also underpins model leakage risks. Our analysis revealed several distillation traps: tail noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Weixiao Zhan , Yongcheng Jing , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao

In recent years, many explanation methods have been proposed to explain individual classifications of deep neural networks. However, how to leverage the created explanations to improve the learning process has been less explored. As the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Jindong Gu , Zhiliang Wu , Volker Tresp

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), particularly Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has advanced LLM reasoning. However, GRPO suffers from three credit assignment failures: uniform token-level granularity that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Song Yu , Li Li , Wenwen Zhao , Zhisheng Yang

Knowledge distillation can be a cost-effective technique to distill knowledge in Large Language Models, if the teacher output logits can be pre-computed and cached. However, successfully applying this to pre-training remains largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Anshumann , Mohd Abbas Zaidi , Akhil Kedia , Jinwoo Ahn , Taehwak Kwon , Kangwook Lee , Haejun Lee , Joohyung Lee

Continual learning, enabling models to acquire new skills and knowledge without degrading existing capabilities, remains a fundamental challenge for foundation models. While on-policy reinforcement learning can reduce forgetting, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Idan Shenfeld , Mehul Damani , Jonas Hübotter , Pulkit Agrawal
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