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The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven significant advances in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent capabilities. Nevertheless, existing GUI agent training and inference techniques still suffer from a dilemma…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shuquan Lian , Yuhang Wu , Jia Ma , Yifan Ding , Zihan Song , Bingqi Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Hui Li , Rongrong Ji

Entity alignment (EA) which links equivalent entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs) plays a crucial role in knowledge fusion. In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been successfully applied in many embedding-based EA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Feng Xie , Xiang Zeng , Bin Zhou , Yusong Tan

This paper introduces GUI-Owl, a foundational GUI agent model that achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source end-to-end models on ten GUI benchmarks across desktop and mobile environments, covering grounding, question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiabo Ye , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Haowei Liu , Junyang Wang , Zhaoqing Zhu , Ziwei Zheng , Feiyu Gao , Junjie Cao , Zhengxi Lu , Jitong Liao , Qi Zheng , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Ming Yan

We introduce MMBench-GUI, a hierarchical benchmark for evaluating GUI automation agents across Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, and Web platforms. It comprises four levels: GUI Content Understanding, Element Grounding, Task Automation,…

Deploying Multimodal Large Language Models as the brain of embodied agents remains challenging, particularly under long-horizon observations and limited context budgets. Existing memory assisted methods often rely on textual summaries,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ji Li , Bo Wang , Jing Xia , Mingyi Li , Shiyan Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced tool-augmented agents, enabling autonomous reasoning via API interactions. However, executing multi-step tasks within massive tool libraries remains challenging due to two critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Rongzhe Wei , Ge Shi , Min Cheng , Na Zhang , Pan Li , Sarthak Ghosh , Vaibhav Gorde , Leman Akoglu

As multimodal LLM-driven agents advance in autonomy and generalization, traditional static datasets face inherent scalability limitations and are insufficient for fully assessing their capabilities in increasingly complex and diverse tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yurun Chen , Xavier Hu , Yuhan Liu , Ziqi Wang , Zeyi Liao , Lin Chen , Feng Wei , Yuxi Qian , Bo Zheng , Keting Yin , Shengyu Zhang

AGENTiGraph is a user-friendly, agent-driven system that enables intuitive interaction and management of domain-specific data through the manipulation of knowledge graphs in natural language. It gives non-technical users a complete, visual…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has driven breakthroughs in AI, from game-play to scientific discovery and AI alignment. However, its broader applicability remains limited by challenges such as low data efficiency and poor generalizability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xidong Yang , Wenhao Li , Junjie Sheng , Chuyun Shen , Yun Hua , Xiangfeng Wang

Visual navigation in complex environments is inefficient with traditional reactive policy or general-purposed recurrent policy. To address the long-term memory issue, this paper proposes a graph attention memory (GAM) architecture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Dong Li , Qichao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao , Yuzheng Zhuang , Bin Wang , Wulong Liu , Rasul Tutunov , Jun Wang

MLLM-based GUI agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex user interface interaction tasks. However, long-horizon scenarios remain challenging, as these agents are burdened with tasks beyond their intrinsic capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengxi Lu , Fei Tang , Guangyi Liu , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Jin Ma , Wenqi Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong results on knowledge graph question answering (KGQA), but most benchmarks assume complete knowledge graphs (KGs) where direct supporting triples exist. This reduces evaluation to shallow retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Dongzhuoran Zhou , Yuqicheng Zhu , Xiaxia Wang , Hongkuan Zhou , Jiaoyan Chen , Steffen Staab , Yuan He , Evgeny Kharlamov

Multimodal large language models are evolving toward multimodal agents capable of proactively executing tasks. Most agent research focuses on GUI or embodied scenarios, which correspond to agents interacting with 2D virtual worlds or 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Longrong Yang , Zhixiong Zeng , Yufeng Zhong , Jing Huang , Liming Zheng , Lei Chen , Haibo Qiu , Zequn Qin , Lin Ma , Xi Li

Effective memory management is essential for large language model (LLM) agents handling long-term interactions. Current memory frameworks typically treat agents as passive "recorders" and retrieve information without understanding its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaohui Zhang , Zequn Sun , Chengyuan Yang , Yaqin Jin , Yazhong Zhang , Wei Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as autonomous agents for multi-step tasks. However, most existing frameworks fail to maintain a structured understanding of the task state, often relying on linear prompt concatenation or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ye Ye

LLM-based agents can autonomously accomplish complex tasks across various domains. However, to further cultivate capabilities such as adaptive behavior and long-term decision-making, training on static datasets built from human-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yuchen Huang , Sijia Li , Minghao Liu , Wei Liu , Shijue Huang , Zhiyuan Fan , Hou Pong Chan , Yi R. Fung

Existing Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM)-based agents face significant challenges in handling complex GUI (Graphical User Interface) interactions on devices. These challenges arise from the dynamic and structured nature of GUI…

Agentic memory systems enable large language model (LLM) agents to maintain state across long interactions, supporting long-horizon reasoning and personalization beyond fixed context windows. Despite rapid architectural development, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Songtao Wei , Jinxin Yang , Ayushi Kishore , Alysa Zhao , Dingyi Kang , Xu Hu , Feng Chen , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

Retrieving relevant observations from long multi-modal web interaction histories is challenging because relevance depends on the evolving task state, modality (screenshots, HTML text, structured signals), and temporal distance. Prior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Saman Forouzandeh , Kamal Berahmand , Mahdi Jalili

Memory is a central capability for LLM agents operating across long-horizon tasks. Existing memory benchmarks predominantly evaluate retention of personalized information in multi-turn chat scenarios, overlooking the dynamic memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Wujiang Xu , Yu Wang , Kai Mei , Kaiqu Liang , Zhenting Wang , Mingyu Jin , Han Zhang , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Wenyue Hua , Sambit Sahu , Dimitris N. Metaxas