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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with a collection of large and diverse instructions has improved the model's generalization to different tasks, even for unseen tasks. However, most existing instruction datasets include only single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shirley Anugrah Hayati , Taehee Jung , Tristan Bodding-Long , Sudipta Kar , Abhinav Sethy , Joo-Kyung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Even though large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability in solving various natural language tasks, the capability of an LLM to follow human instructions is still a concern. Recent works have shown great improvements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xinbo Wu , Lav R. Varshney

Finetuning language models on a collection of datasets phrased as instructions has been shown to improve model performance and generalization to unseen tasks. In this paper we explore instruction finetuning with a particular focus on (1)…

In-context image generation models such as FLUX.2 take a text prompt and an optional reference image as visual conditioning for the output. Internally, all three inputs -- text, reference image, and the noise tokens -- are concatenated and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chris Ge , Rohit Gandikota , Antonio Torralba , Tamar Rott Shaham

This study examines whether the attention scores between tokens in the BERT model significantly vary based on lexical categories during the fine-tuning process for downstream tasks. Drawing inspiration from the notion that in human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Dongjun Jang , Sungjoo Byun , Hyopil Shin

Instruction tuning is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve real-world tasks. Prior work has shown the effectiveness of instruction-tuning data synthesized solely from LLMs, raising a fundamental question: Do we still…

Pretraining Neural Language Models (NLMs) over a large corpus involves chunking the text into training examples, which are contiguous text segments of sizes processable by the neural architecture. We highlight a bias introduced by this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yoav Levine , Noam Wies , Daniel Jannai , Dan Navon , Yedid Hoshen , Amnon Shashua

Systematic compositionality is an essential mechanism in human language, allowing the recombination of known parts to create novel expressions. However, existing neural models have been shown to lack this basic ability in learning symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Yichen Jiang , Mohit Bansal

Instruction generation is a vital and multidisciplinary research area with broad applications. Existing instruction generation models are limited to generating instructions in a single style from a particular dataset, and the style and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xianghao Kong , Jinyu Chen , Wenguan Wang , Hang Su , Xiaolin Hu , Yi Yang , Si Liu

Can we trust the reasoning traces that large reasoning models (LRMs) produce? We investigate whether these traces faithfully reflect what drives model outputs, and whether models will honestly report their influence. We introduce Thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yijie Hao , Lingjie Chen , Ali Emami , Joyce Ho

Instruction-tuned large language models (IT-LLMs) exhibit strong zero-shot reasoning, yet their ability to execute simple, self-contained instructions remains underexplored, despite this being foundational to complex instruction-following.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Henry Lim , Kwan Hui Lim

An obstacle to the development of many natural language processing products is the vast amount of training examples necessary to get satisfactory results. The generation of these examples is often a tedious and time-consuming task. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Wouter Leeftink , Gerasimos Spanakis

Instruction tuning plays a crucial role in shaping the outputs of language models (LMs) to desired styles. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective method, Instruction Modelling (IM), which trains LMs by applying a loss function to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhengyan Shi , Adam X. Yang , Bin Wu , Laurence Aitchison , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

When writing and talking, people sometimes pause to think. Although reasoning-focused works have often framed reasoning as a method of answering questions or completing agentic tasks, reasoning is implicit in almost all written text. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eric Zelikman , Georges Harik , Yijia Shao , Varuna Jayasiri , Nick Haber , Noah D. Goodman

One of the key strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs) is their ability to interact with humans by generating appropriate responses to given instructions. This ability, known as instruction-following capability, has established a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hyeonseok Moon , Jaehyung Seo , Seungyoon Lee , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

The impressive performance of language models is undeniable. However, the presence of biases based on gender, race, socio-economic status, physical appearance, and sexual orientation makes the deployment of language models challenging. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Swati Rajwal , Shivank Garg , Reem Abdel-Salam , Abdelrahman Zayed

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong generalization capabilities, yet they lack introspective mechanisms for anticipating failures and requesting help from a human supervisor. We present \textbf{INSIGHT}, a learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ulas Berk Karli , Ziyao Shangguan , Tesca FItzgerald

Instruction-tuned Language Models (ILMs) have become essential components of modern AI systems, demonstrating exceptional versatility across natural language and reasoning tasks. Among their most impactful applications is code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

We explore using latent natural language instructions as an expressive and compositional representation of complex actions for hierarchical decision making. Rather than directly selecting micro-actions, our agent first generates a latent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Hengyuan Hu , Denis Yarats , Qucheng Gong , Yuandong Tian , Mike Lewis

Language models often struggle with idiomatic, figurative, or context-sensitive inputs, not because they produce flawed outputs, but because they misinterpret the input from the outset. We propose an input-only method for anticipating such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Maggie Mi , Aline Villavicencio , Nafise Sadat Moosavi