English
Related papers

Related papers: Instructions Shape Production of Language, not Pro…

200 papers

Recent advancements in imitation learning have led to transformer-based behavior foundation models (BFMs) that enable multi-modal, human-like control for humanoid agents. While excelling at zero-shot generation of robust behaviors, BFMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ron Vainshtein , Zohar Rimon , Shie Mannor , Chen Tessler

Instruction-tuned large language models produce helpful, structured responses, but how robust is this helpfulness under trivial constraints? We show that simple lexical constraints (banning a single punctuation character or common word)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo , Seyedarmin Azizi , Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram

Autoregressive language models achieve remarkable performance, yet a unified theory explaining their internal mechanisms, how training shapes representations, and why these representations support complex behavior remains incomplete. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yifan Zhang

As large language models are deployed as autonomous agents with tool execution privileges, a critical assumption underpins their security architecture: that model errors are detectable at runtime. We present empirical evidence that this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Gregory M. Ruddell

Instruction tuning of language models has demonstrated the ability to enhance model generalization to unseen tasks via in-context learning using a few examples. However, typical supervised learning still requires a plethora of downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Himanshu Gupta , Saurabh Arjun Sawant , Swaroop Mishra , Mutsumi Nakamura , Arindam Mitra , Santosh Mashetty , Chitta Baral

One of the most common complaints about large language models (LLMs) is their prompt sensitivity -- that is, the fact that their ability to perform a task or provide a correct answer to a question can depend unpredictably on the way the…

Prompting inputs with natural language task descriptions has emerged as a popular mechanism to elicit reasonably accurate outputs from large-scale generative language models with little to no in-context supervision. This also helps gain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Lisa Bauer , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Spandana Gella , Yang Liu , Mohit Bansal , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

A common assumption in machine learning is that training data are i.i.d. samples from some distribution. Processes that generate i.i.d. samples are, in a sense, uninformative---they produce data without regard to how good this data is for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Long Ouyang , Michael C. Frank

Supervised machine learning provides the learner with a set of input-output examples of the target task. Humans, however, can also learn to perform new tasks from instructions in natural language. Can machines learn to understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Avia Efrat , Omer Levy

The instruction hierarchy, which establishes a priority order from system messages to user messages, conversation history, and tool outputs, is essential for ensuring consistent and safe behavior in language models (LMs). Despite its…

Though languages can evolve slowly, they can also react strongly to dramatic world events. By studying the connection between words and events, it is possible to identify which events change our vocabulary and in what way. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Guy D. Rosin , Kira Radinsky

Empowering models to dynamically accomplish tasks specified through natural language instructions represents a promising path toward more capable and general artificial intelligence. In this work, we introduce InstructSeq, an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Rongyao Fang , Shilin Yan , Zhaoyang Huang , Jingqiu Zhou , Hao Tian , Jifeng Dai , Hongsheng Li

Neuronal responses are conspicuously variable. We focus on one particular aspect of that variability: the precision of action potential timing. We show that for common models of noisy spike generation, elementary considerations imply that…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Guillermo A. Cecchi , Mariano Sigman , Jose-Manuel Alonso , Luis Martinez , Dante R. Chialvo , Marcelo O. Magnasco

The context window of large language models has been extended to 128k tokens or more. However, language models still suffer from position bias and have difficulty in accessing and using the middle part of the context due to the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Meiru Zhang , Zaiqiao Meng , Nigel Collier

Language is not only a tool for communication but also a medium for human cognition and reasoning. If, as linguistic relativity suggests, the structure of language shapes cognitive patterns, then large language models (LLMs) trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Chenxi Wang , Yixuan Zhang , Lang Gao , Zixiang Xu , Zirui Song , Yanbo Wang , Xiuying Chen

Instruction Fine-tuning~(IFT) is a critical phase in building large language models~(LLMs). Previous works mainly focus on the IFT's role in the transfer of behavioral norms and the learning of additional world knowledge. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mengjie Ren , Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Cao Liu , Xianpei Han , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan , Xunliang Cai , Le Sun

Instruction tuning aims to align large language models (LLMs) with open-domain instructions and human-preferred responses. While several studies have explored autonomous approaches to distilling and annotating instructions from powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuanhao Yue , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Peng Wang

Randomly masking and predicting word tokens has been a successful approach in pre-training language models for a variety of downstream tasks. In this work, we observe that the same idea also applies naturally to sequential decision-making,…

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has opened up exciting possibilities for simulating human behavior and cognitive processes, with potential applications in various domains, including marketing research and consumer behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Behnam Mohammadi

To combat the misuse of Large Language Models (LLMs), many recent studies have presented LLM-generated-text detectors with promising performance. When users instruct LLMs to generate texts, the instruction can include different constraints…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki