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We introduce the Latent Fourier Transform (LatentFT), a framework that provides novel frequency-domain controls for generative music models. LatentFT combines a diffusion autoencoder with a latent-space Fourier transform to separate musical…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mason Wang , Cheng-Zhi Anna Huang

In recent years, audio coding technology has been standardized based on several frameworks that incorporate linear predictive coding (LPC). However, coding the transient signal using frequency-domain LP residual signals remains a challenge.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-25 Byeongho Jo , Seungkwon Beack

Neural audio codecs discretize speech via residual vector quantization (RVQ), forming a coarse-to-fine hierarchy across quantizers. While codec models have been explored for representation learning, their discrete structure remains…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jinyang Wu , Zihan Pan , Qiquan Zhang , Sailor Hardik Bhupendra , Soumik Mondal

Speech codecs serve as bridges between speech signals and large language models. An ideal codec for speech language models should not only preserve acoustic information but also capture rich semantic information. However, existing speech…

Generative autoencoders offer a promising approach for controllable text generation by leveraging their latent sentence representations. However, current models struggle to maintain coherent latent spaces required to perform meaningful text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Tianxiao Shen , Jonas Mueller , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

The tokenization of speech with neural audio codec models is a vital part of modern AI pipelines for the generation or understanding of speech, alone or in a multimodal context. Traditionally such tokenization models have concentrated on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Julian D Parker , Anton Smirnov , Jordi Pons , CJ Carr , Zack Zukowski , Zach Evans , Xubo Liu

We investigate applying audio manipulations using pretrained neural network-based autoencoders as an alternative to traditional signal processing methods, since the former may provide greater semantic or perceptual organization. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-11 Scott H. Hawley , Christian J. Steinmetz

In this paper, we present TridentSE, a novel architecture for speech enhancement, which is capable of efficiently capturing both global information and local details. TridentSE maintains T-F bin level representation to capture details, and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-25 Dacheng Yin , Zhiyuan Zhao , Chuanxin Tang , Zhiwei Xiong , Chong Luo

Audio Language Models (ALM) have emerged as the dominant paradigm for speech and music generation by representing audio as sequences of discrete tokens. Yet, unlike text tokens, which are invertible, audio tokens are extracted from lossy…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Simon Rouard , Manu Orsini , Axel Roebel , Neil Zeghidour , Alexandre Défossez

Recent advances in explainable recommendations have explored the integration of language models to analyze natural language rationales for user-item interactions. Despite their potential, existing methods often rely on ID-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinshun Feng , Mingzhe Liu , Yi Qiao , Tongyu Zhu , Leilei Sun , Shuai Wang

We propose Hierarchical Audio Codec (HAC), a unified neural speech codec that factorizes its bottleneck into three linguistic levels-acoustic, phonetic, and lexical-within a single model. HAC leverages two knowledge distillation objectives:…

Text-to-audio diffusion models produce high-quality and diverse music but many, if not most, of the SOTA models lack the fine-grained, time-varying controls essential for music production. ControlNet enables attaching external controls to a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Tom Baker , Javier Nistal

Tokenization is a crucial step in information retrieval, especially for lexical matching algorithms, where the quality of indexable tokens directly impacts the effectiveness of a retrieval system. Since different languages have unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Odunayo Ogundepo , Xinyu Zhang , Jimmy Lin

Speech coding facilitates the transmission of speech over low-bandwidth networks with minimal distortion. Neural-network based speech codecs have recently demonstrated significant improvements in quality over traditional approaches. While…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Ali Siahkoohi , Michael Chinen , Tom Denton , W. Bastiaan Kleijn , Jan Skoglund

Neural speech codecs aim to compress input signals into minimal bits while maintaining content quality in a low-latency manner. However, existing neural codecs often trade model complexity for reconstruction performance. These codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuzhe Gu , Enmao Diao

Recent advancements in quantum computing highlight the need for efficient encoding of classical data into quantum states to ensure robust quantum information processing. Traditional encoding schemes often impose impractical requirements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Hyunho Cha , Wonjung Kim , Jungwoo Lee

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have proven to be effective models for producing latent representations of cognitive and semantic value. We assess the degree to which VAEs trained on a prototypical tonal music corpus of 371 Bach's chorales…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Nádia Carvalho , Gilberto Bernardes

Unified speech foundation models require a holistic tokenization space that is both learnable by language models and decodable into high-quality waveforms. Existing speech tokenizers, however, often fail to satisfy these requirements…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Bohan Li , Shi Lian , Hankun Wang , Yiwei Guo , Yu Xi , Zhihan Li , Da Zheng , Colin Zhang , Kai Yu

Existing speech tokenizers typically assign a fixed number of tokens per second, regardless of the varying information density or temporal fluctuations in the speech signal. This uniform token allocation mismatches the intrinsic structure…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-14 Rui-Chen Zheng , Wenrui Liu , Hui-Peng Du , Qinglin Zhang , Chong Deng , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Tokenization algorithms that merge the units of a base vocabulary into larger, variable-rate units have become standard in natural language processing tasks. This idea, however, has been mostly overlooked when the vocabulary consists of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Avihu Dekel , Raul Fernandez