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Deep learning for vulnerability detection has shown promising results on early benchmarks, but recent evaluations reveal catastrophic degradation: models achieving F1 > 0.68 on legacy datasets collapse to 0.031 under strict deduplication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yongchao Wang , Zhiqiu Huang

Software Engineering researchers are increasingly using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to automate Software Vulnerabilities (SVs) assessment using the descriptions in public repositories. However, the existing NLP-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Triet H. M. Le , Bushra Sabir , M. Ali Babar

NLP models often degrade in performance when real world data distributions differ markedly from training data. However, existing dataset drift metrics in NLP have generally not considered specific dimensions of linguistic drift that affect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Tyler A. Chang , Kishaloy Halder , Neha Anna John , Yogarshi Vyas , Yassine Benajiba , Miguel Ballesteros , Dan Roth

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have highlighted the potential for vulnerability detection, a crucial component of software quality assurance. Despite this progress, most studies have been limited to the perspective of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhenyu Mao , Jialong Li , Dongming Jin , Munan Li , Kenji Tei

A widespread belief in the blockchain security community is that automated techniques are only good for detecting shallow bugs, typically of small value. In this paper, we present the techniques and insights that have led us to repeatable…

Long-term interaction with LLM-based systems may produce alignment drift: a gradual process in which system outputs become less constrained by the user's current message and more shaped by prior interaction history, while still appearing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xintong Yao

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on skills to package reusable capabilities through instructions, tools, and resources. High-quality skills embed expert knowledge, curated workflows, and execution constraints into agents,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Yu Liu , Chi Liu , Qingchuan Zhao , Hongwei Li , Guowen Xu

While the automated detection of cryptographic API misuses has progressed significantly, its precision diminishes for intricate targets due to the reliance on manually defined patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yifan Xia , Zichen Xie , Peiyu Liu , Kangjie Lu , Yan Liu , Wenhai Wang , Shouling Ji

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from code completion tools to autonomous system architects, their impact on long-term software maintainability remains unquantified. While existing research benchmarks functional correctness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Tyler Slater

Detecting concept drift in high-speed data streams remains challenging, particularly when models must operate on unlabeled data and avoid false alarms caused by benign shifts. While disagreement-based uncertainty has shown promise in neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lara Sá Neves , Afonso Lourenço , Lizy K. John , Goreti Marreiros

The rapid advancement of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated promising results for various code-related tasks. However, their effectiveness in detecting real-world vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youpeng Li , Weiliang Qi , Xuyu Wang , Fuxun Yu , Xinda Wang

As the capability frontier of autonomous agents continues to expand, they are increasingly able to complete specialized tasks through plug-and-play external skills. Yet current benchmarks mostly test whether models can use provided skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziao Zhang , Kou Shi , Shiting Huang , Avery Nie , Yu Zeng , Yiming Zhao , Zhen Fang , Qishen Su , Haibo Qiu , Wei Yang , Qingnan Ren , Shun Zou , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Feng Zhao

With the expansion of the software scale and complexity of smart grid systems, the detection of smart grid software defects has become a research hotspot. Because of the large scale of the existing smart grid software code, the efficiency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Ling Yuan , Siyuan Zhou , Neal Xiong

When deployed in the real world, machine learning models inevitably encounter changes in the data distribution, and certain -- but not all -- distribution shifts could result in significant performance degradation. In practice, it may make…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-06 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

\textbf{RE}trieval-\textbf{A}ugmented \textbf{L}LM-based \textbf{M}achine \textbf{T}ranslation (REAL-MT) shows promise for knowledge-intensive tasks like idiomatic translation, but its reliability under noisy retrieval contexts remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yanming Sun , Runzhe Zhan , Chi Seng Cheang , Han Wu , Xuebo Liu , Yuyao Niu , Fengying Ye , Kaixin Lan , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

Reentrancy remains one of the most critical classes of vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts, yet widely used detection tools and datasets continue to reflect outdated patterns and obsolete Solidity versions. This paper adopts a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Matteo Rizzo , Lorenzo Benetollo , Sabina Rossi

LLMs show strong performance in code generation, but their outputs lack correctness guarantees. Sample-based uncertainty estimators address this by generating multiple candidate programs and measuring their disagreement. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weilin He , Arindam Sharma , Cristina David

Smart contract vulnerabilities, particularly improper Access Control that allows unauthorized execution of restricted functions, have caused billions of dollars in losses. GitHub hosts numerous smart contract repositories containing source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Chong Chen , Jiachi Chen , Lingfeng Bao , David Lo , Yanlin Wang , Zhenyu Shan , Ting Chen , Guangqiang Yin , Jianxing Yu , Zibin Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across software engineering tasks, from code generation to translation. However, we identify and systematically evaluate a critical failure mode: Programming Language…

Data stream classification is an important problem in the field of machine learning. Due to the non-stationary nature of the data where the underlying distribution changes over time (concept drift), the model needs to continuously adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Andrea Castellani , Sebastian Schmitt , Barbara Hammer