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If NISQ-era quantum computers are to perform useful tasks, they will need to employ powerful error mitigation techniques. Quasi-probability methods can permit perfect error compensation at the cost of additional circuit executions, provided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Armands Strikis , Dayue Qin , Yanzhu Chen , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

Recent work has explored using the stabilizer formalism to classically simulate quantum circuits containing a few non-Clifford gates. The computational cost of such methods is directly related to the notion of stabilizer rank, which for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sergey Bravyi , Dan Browne , Padraic Calpin , Earl Campbell , David Gosset , Mark Howard

Achieving near-term quantum advantage will require accurate estimation of quantum observables despite significant hardware noise. For this purpose, we propose a novel, scalable error-mitigation method that applies to gate-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Piotr Czarnik , Andrew Arrasmith , Patrick J. Coles , Lukasz Cincio

High-fidelity control of one- and two-qubit gates past the error correction threshold is an essential ingredient for scalable quantum computing. We present a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to find entangling protocols for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Mohammad Abedi , Markus Schmitt

We examine the following problem: given a collection of Clifford gates, describe the set of unitaries generated by circuits composed of those gates. Specifically, we allow the standard circuit operations of composition and tensor product,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

"Qubit routing" refers to the task of modifying quantum circuits so that they satisfy the connectivity constraints of a target quantum computer. This involves inserting SWAP gates into the circuit so that the logical gates only ever occur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Matteo G. Pozzi , Steven J. Herbert , Akash Sengupta , Robert D. Mullins

Since quantum computing is currently in the NISQ-Era, compilation strategies to reduce the number of gates executed on specific hardware are required. In this work, we utilize the concept of synthesis of a data structure called Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 David Winderl , Qunsheng Huang , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Richie Yeung

We have devised an artificial intelligence algorithm with machine reinforcement learning (Q-learning) to construct remarkable entangled states with 4 qubits. This way, the algorithm is able to generate representative states for some of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Sara Giordano , Miguel A. Martin-Delgado

Quantum unitary synthesis addresses the problem of translating abstract quantum algorithms into sequences of hardware-executable quantum gates. Solving this task exactly is infeasible in general due to the exponential growth of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Lukas Theißinger , Thore Gerlach , David Berghaus , Christian Bauckhage

For universal quantum computation, a major challenge to overcome for practical implementation is the large amount of resources required for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. An important aspect is implementing arbitrary unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Gary J. Mooney , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

In this paper, we study the problem of learning an unknown quantum circuit of a certain structure. If the unknown target is an $n$-qubit Clifford circuit, we devise an efficient algorithm to reconstruct its circuit representation by using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Ching-Yi Lai , Hao-Chung Cheng

We develop a method to synthesize a class of entangling multi-qubit gates for a quantum computing platform with fixed Ising-type interaction with all-to-all connectivity. The only requirement on the flexibility of the interaction is that it…

Compiling quantum circuits into Clifford+$T$ gates is a central task for fault-tolerant quantum computing using stabilizer codes. In the near term, $T$ gates will dominate the cost of fault tolerant implementations, and any reduction in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Lukasz Cincio , Giuseppe Serra , M. Cerezo

How to implement multi-qubit gates efficiently with high precision is essential for realizing universal fault tolerant computing. For a physical system with some external controllable parameters, it is a great challenge to control the time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Zheng An , D. L. Zhou

Exact synthesis provides unconditional optimality and canonical structure, but is often limited to small, carefully scoped regimes. We present an exact synthesis framework for two-qubit circuits over the Clifford+$T$ gate set that optimizes…

The design of high-fidelity quantum gates is difficult because it requires the optimization of two competing effects, namely maximizing gate speed and minimizing leakage out of the qubit subspace. We propose a deep reinforcement learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-26 Emily Wright , Rogério de Sousa

We search for efficient disentanglers on random Clifford circuits of two-qubit gates arranged in a brick-wall pattern, using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm \cite{schulman2017proximalpolicyoptimizationalgorithms}.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Ning Bao , Keiichiro Furuya , Gun Suer

Quantum error correction is widely thought to be the key to fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, determining the most suited encoding for unknown error channels or specific laboratory setups is highly challenging. Here, we present a…

We present an algorithm for building a circuit that approximates single qubit unitaries with precision {\epsilon} using O(log(1/{\epsilon})) Clifford and T gates and employing up to two ancillary qubits. The algorithm for computing our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-13 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

We present a system of equations between Clifford circuits, all derivable in the ZX-calculus, and formalised as rewrite rules in the Quantomatic proof assistant. By combining these rules with some non-trivial simplification procedures…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Andrew Fagan , Ross Duncan