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The advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has greatly accelerated the development of applications in understanding integrated texts and images. Recent works leverage image-caption datasets to train MLLMs, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Mingxu Tao , Quzhe Huang , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Real-world design documents (e.g., posters) are inherently multi-layered, combining decoration, text, and images. Editing them from natural-language instructions requires fine-grained, layer-aware reasoning to identify relevant layers and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zihao Lin , Wanrong Zhu , Jiuxiang Gu , Jihyung Kil , Christopher Tensmeyer , Lin Zhang , Shilong Liu , Ruiyi Zhang , Lifu Huang , Vlad I. Morariu , Tong Sun

Cross-lingual cross-modal retrieval has garnered increasing attention recently, which aims to achieve the alignment between vision and target language (V-T) without using any annotated V-T data pairs. Current methods employ machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yabing Wang , Fan Wang , Jianfeng Dong , Hao Luo

Recently, many studies have demonstrated that exclusively incorporating OCR-derived text and spatial layouts with large language models (LLMs) can be highly effective for document understanding tasks. However, existing methods that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jinghui Lu , Haiyang Yu , Yanjie Wang , Yongjie Ye , Jingqun Tang , Ziwei Yang , Binghong Wu , Qi Liu , Hao Feng , Han Wang , Hao Liu , Can Huang

AI systems have achieved remarkable success in processing text and relational data, yet visual document processing remains relatively underexplored. Whereas traditional systems require OCR transcriptions to convert these visual documents…

Vision-Language Translation (VLT) is a challenging task that requires accurately recognizing multilingual text embedded in images and translating it into the target language with the support of visual context. While recent Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xintong Wang , Jingheng Pan , Yixiao Liu , Xiaohu Zhao , Chenyang Lyu , Minghao Wu , Chris Biemann , Longyue Wang , Linlong Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Pre-training of text and layout has proved effective in a variety of visually-rich document understanding tasks due to its effective model architecture and the advantage of large-scale unlabeled scanned/digital-born documents. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Yang Xu , Yiheng Xu , Tengchao Lv , Lei Cui , Furu Wei , Guoxin Wang , Yijuan Lu , Dinei Florencio , Cha Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Min Zhang , Lidong Zhou

Structured document understanding has attracted considerable attention and made significant progress recently, owing to its crucial role in intelligent document processing. However, most existing related models can only deal with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jiapeng Wang , Lianwen Jin , Kai Ding

Onboarding documentation is critical for attracting and retaining newcomers in open source software (OSS). However, it is often presented as dense, inconsistently structured, and fragmented presentations that are difficult to understand,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zixuan Feng , Prashant Tandan , Igor Steinmacher , Marco Aurelio Gerosa , Anita Sarma

The advent of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for end-to-end document parsing and translation. However, prevailing benchmarks such as OmniDocBench and DITrans are dominated by pristine scanned or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yongkun Du , Pinxuan Chen , Xuye Ying , Zhineng Chen

To be discoverable in an embedding-based search process, each part of a document should be reflected in its embedding representation. To quantify any potential reflection biases, we introduce a permutation-based evaluation framework. With…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Elias Schuhmacher , Andrianos Michail , Juri Opitz , Rico Sennrich , Simon Clematide

This paper presents a high-quality multilingual dataset for the documentation domain to advance research on localization of structured text. Unlike widely-used datasets for translation of plain text, we collect XML-structured parallel text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Kazuma Hashimoto , Raffaella Buschiazzo , James Bradbury , Teresa Marshall , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Page-level analysis of documents has been a topic of interest in digitization efforts, and multimodal approaches have been applied to both classification and page stream segmentation. In this work, we focus on capturing finer semantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Mehmet Arif Demirtaş , Berke Oral , Mehmet Yasin Akpınar , Onur Deniz

This paper introduces VLAP, a novel approach that bridges pretrained vision models and large language models (LLMs) to make frozen LLMs understand the visual world. VLAP transforms the embedding space of pretrained vision models into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jungin Park , Jiyoung Lee , Kwanghoon Sohn

Multimodal pre-training with text, layout, and image has made significant progress for Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU), especially the fixed-layout documents such as scanned document images. While, there are still a large number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Junlong Li , Yiheng Xu , Lei Cui , Furu Wei

Transforming documents into machine-processable representations is a challenging task due to their complex structures and variability in formats. Recovering the layout structure and content from PDF files or scanned material has remained a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Christoph Auer , Ahmed Nassar , Maksym Lysak , Michele Dolfi , Nikolaos Livathinos , Peter Staar

The exponential growth of scientific literature in PDF format necessitates advanced tools for efficient and accurate document understanding, summarization, and content optimization. Traditional methods fall short in handling complex layouts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Kun Qian , Wenjie Li , Tianyu Sun , Wenhong Wang , Wenhan Luo

Multimodal document retrieval systems have shown strong progress in aligning visual and textual content for semantic search. However, most existing approaches remain heavily English-centric, limiting their effectiveness in multilingual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Adithya S Kolavi , Vyoman Jain

Document understanding aims to perform question answering and information extraction over document images, where the visual content is highly information-dense and most queries rely on only a few relevant layout regions. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ye Mo , Kai Ye , Xianwei Mao , Zirui Shao , Gang Huang , Bo Zhang , Hangdi Xing , Kehan Chen , Huan Zhou , Zixu Yan , Jiajun Bu , Sheng Zhou

In this paper, we propose to boost low-resource cross-lingual document retrieval performance with deep bilingual query-document representations. We match queries and documents in both source and target languages with four components, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Rui Zhang , Caitlin Westerfield , Sungrok Shim , Garrett Bingham , Alexander Fabbri , Neha Verma , William Hu , Dragomir Radev