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Document layout comprises both structural and visual (eg. font-sizes) information that is vital but often ignored by machine learning models. The few existing models which do use layout information only consider textual contents, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Te-Lin Wu , Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Tao Chen , Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Michael Bendersky

Large multimodal models trained on natural documents, which interleave images and text, outperform models trained on image-text pairs on various multimodal benchmarks. However, the datasets used to train these models have not been released,…

With the rapid advancement of digitalization, various document images are being applied more extensively in production and daily life, and there is an increasingly urgent need for fast and accurate parsing of the content in document images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Feng Ni , Kui Huang , Yao Lu , Wenyu Lv , Guanzhong Wang , Zeyu Chen , Yi Liu

Visually-rich Document Understanding (VrDU) has attracted much research attention over the past years. Pre-trained models on a large number of document images with transformer-based backbones have led to significant performance gains in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Yi Tu , Ya Guo , Huan Chen , Jinyang Tang

Modeling semantic and structural information from tabular data remains a core challenge for effective table understanding. Existing Table-as-Text approaches flatten tables for large language models (LLMs), but lose crucial structural cues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xiaobo Xing , Wei Yuan , Tong Chen , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Xiangliang Zhang , Hongzhi Yin

Visual Document Retrieval (VDR) models mostly rely on late interaction architectures, in which documents are represented by a set of local patch embeddings and then matched against query tokens. While efficient, this architecture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pascal Tilli , Mohsen Mesgar

Vision-and-language (VL) models with separate encoders for each modality (e.g., CLIP) have become the go-to models for zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval. They are, however, mostly evaluated in English as multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Gregor Geigle , Radu Timofte , Goran Glavaš

Multimedia learning using text and images has been shown to improve learning outcomes compared to text-only instruction. But conversational AI systems in education predominantly rely on text-based interactions while multimodal conversations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Karan Taneja , Anjali Singh , Ashok K. Goel

Documents are a common way to store and share information, with tables being an important part of many documents. However, there is no real common understanding of how to model documents and tables in particular. Because of this lack of…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sebastian Kempf , Frank Puppe

Visual document understanding (VDU) is a challenging task for large vision language models (LVLMs), requiring the integration of visual perception, text recognition, and reasoning over structured layouts. Although recent LVLMs have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haruka Kawasaki , Ryota Tanaka , Kyosuke Nishida

Recommendation systems, for documents, have become tools to find relevant content on the Web. However, these systems have limitations when it comes to recommending documents in languages different from the query language, which means they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Tsegaye Misikir Tashu , Eduard-Raul Kontos , Matthia Sabatelli , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

The remarkable understanding and generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved translation performance. However, incorrect understanding of the sentence to be translated can degrade translation quality. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Andong Chen , Kehai Chen , Yang Xiang , Xuefeng Bai , Muyun Yang , Yang Feng , Tiejun Zhao , Min zhang

In recent years, the field of document understanding has progressed a lot. A significant part of this progress has been possible thanks to the use of language models pretrained on large amounts of documents. However, pretraining corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Michał Turski , Tomasz Stanisławek , Karol Kaczmarek , Paweł Dyda , Filip Graliński

Automated parsing of scanned documents into richly structured, machine-readable formats remains a critical bottleneck in Document AI, as traditional multi-stage pipelines suffer from error propagation and limited adaptability to diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Baode Wang , Biao Wu , Weizhen Li , Meng Fang , Zuming Huang , Jun Huang , Haozhe Wang , Yanjie Liang , Ling Chen , Wei Chu , Yuan Qi

Cross-modal retrieval is gaining increasing efficacy and interest from the research community, thanks to large-scale training, novel architectural and learning designs, and its application in LLMs and multimodal LLMs. In this paper, we move…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Davide Caffagni , Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

We introduce a Content-based Document Alignment approach (CDA), an efficient method to align multilingual web documents based on content in creating parallel training data for machine translation (MT) systems operating at the industrial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Enterprise documents such as forms, invoices, receipts, reports, contracts, and other similar records, often carry rich semantics at the intersection of textual and spatial modalities. The visual cues offered by their complex layouts play a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Dongsheng Wang , Natraj Raman , Mathieu Sibue , Zhiqiang Ma , Petr Babkin , Simerjot Kaur , Yulong Pei , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xiaomo Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal across various domains, especially in handling complex data types. This includes structured data processing, as exemplified by ChartQA and ChatGPT-Ada, and multimodal…

Predicates are foundational components in data analysis systems. However, modern workloads increasingly involve unstructured documents, which demands semantic understanding, beyond traditional value-based predicates. Given enormous…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hengrui Zhang , Yulong Hui , Yihao Liu , Huanchen Zhang

Code understanding and generation have fast become some of the most popular applications of language models (LMs). Nonetheless, research on multilingual aspects of Code-LMs (i.e., LMs for code generation) such as cross-lingual transfer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Indraneil Paul , Goran Glavaš , Iryna Gurevych