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Large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models rely on \emph{expert parallelism} for efficient training and inference, which splits experts across devices and necessitates distributed data shuffling to route each token to its assigned experts.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhuoran Zhu , Chunyang Zhu , Hao Lin , Xu Fu , Yiming Zhou , Quanlu Zhang , Zhenhua Li , Feng Qian , Chao Yu , Boxun Li , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Sparsely gated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in scaling up deep neural networks to an extreme scale. Despite that numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of MoE from the model design or system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Chang Chen , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Chao Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for efficient LLM scaling, yet adapting them to non-English downstream tasks remains challenging. Existing fine-tuning approaches treat MoE models as monolithic learners,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guanzhi Deng , Kuan Wu , Haibo Wang , Shing Yin Wong , Sichun Luo , Linqi Song

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

We study the Equitable Connected Partition (ECP for short) problem, where we are given a graph G=(V,E) together with an integer p, and our goal is to find a partition of V into p parts such that each part induces a connected sub-graph of G…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Václav Blažej , Dušan Knop , Jan Pokorný , Šimon Schierreich

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are increasingly used to serve LLMs at scale, but failures become common as deployment scale grows. Existing systems exhibit poor failure resilience: even a single worker failure triggers a coarse-grained,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Songyu Zhang , Aaron Tam , Myungjin Lee , Shixiong Qi , K. K. Ramakrishnan

Semi-supervised learning has been employed to alleviate the need for extensive labeled data for histopathology image segmentation, but existing methods struggle with noisy pseudo-labels due to ambiguous gland boundaries and morphological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Nguyen Lan Vi Vu , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Thien Nguyen , Daisuke Kihara , Tianyang Wang , Xingjian Li , Min Xu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a dominant architecture for scaling large language models (LLMs). However, the execution characteristics of MoE inference are changing rapidly and increasingly mismatch the assumptions underlying existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jungwoo Kim , Rubens Lacouture , Genghan Zhang , Gina Sohn , Qizheng Zhang , Swapnil Gandhi , Christos Kozyrakis , Kunle Olukotun

The emergence of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has transformed the scaling of large language models by enabling vast model capacity through sparse activation. Yet, converting these performance gains into practical edge deployment remains…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tian Wu , Liming Wang , Zijian Wen , Xiaoxi Zhang , Xu Chen , Jingpu Duan , Xianwei Zhang , Jinhang Zuo

Current inference systems for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models primarily employ static parallelization strategies. However, these static approaches cannot consistently achieve optimal performance across different inference scenarios, as they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Haoran Lin , Xianzhi Yu , Kang Zhao , Han Bao , Zongyuan Zhan , Ting Hu , Wulong Liu , Zekun Yin , Xin Li , Weiguo Liu

Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to adversarial examples, which can easily fool DNNs into making incorrect predictions. To mitigate this deficiency, we propose a novel adversarial defense method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Qiao Han , yong huang , xinling Guo , Yiteng Zhai , Yu Qin , Yao Yang

We present ScatterMoE, an implementation of Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) on GPUs. ScatterMoE builds upon existing implementations, and overcoming some of the limitations to improve inference and training speed, and memory footprint.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Shawn Tan , Yikang Shen , Rameswar Panda , Aaron Courville

The relentless scaling of deep learning models has led to unsustainable computational demands, positioning Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures as a promising path towards greater efficiency. However, MoE models are plagued by two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Anzhe Cheng , Shukai Duan , Shixuan Li , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Shahin Nazarian , Paul Thompson , Paul Bogdan

In multi-GPU Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) network, experts are distributed across different GPUs, which creates load imbalance as each expert processes different number of tokens. Recent works improve MoE inference load balance by dynamically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haiyue Ma , Zhixu Du , Yiran Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers activate a subset of model weights, dubbed experts, to improve model performance. MoE is particularly promising for deployment on process-in-memory (PIM) architectures, because PIM can naturally fit experts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hanyuan Gao , Xiaoxuan Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the dominant choice for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs), activating only a subset of parameters per token. While MoE architectures are primarily adopted for computational efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jeremy Herbst , Stefan Wermter , Jae Hee Lee

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture improves computational efficiency via sparse expert activation, but throughput-oriented inference faces substantial GPU memory pressure due to a significant parameter size and intermediate data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Muyoung Son , Yi Chen , Seungjae Yoo , Soongyu Choi , Joo-Young Kim

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become the dominant architecture for large-scale language models, yet on-premises serving remains fundamentally memory-bound as batching turns sparse per-token compute into dense memory activation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuseon Choi , Jingu Lee , Jungjun Oh , Sunjoo Whang , Byeongcheol Kim , Minsung Kim , Hoi-Jun Yoo , Sangjin Kim

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), while offering significant advantages as a Large Language Model (LLM) architecture, faces substantial challenges when deployed on low-cost edge devices with tight memory constraints. Expert offloading mitigates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Liujianfu Wang , Yuyang Du , Yuchen Pan , Soung Chang Liew , Jiacheng Liu , Kexin Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) presents a naturally compatible and scalable framework for multimodal learning, demonstrating strong adaptability across diverse modalities and tasks. Despite its growing success, a comprehensive and systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Liangwei Nathan Zheng , Wei Emma Zhang , Olaf Maennel , Lin Yue , Weitong Chen