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The benchmarks used to evaluate AI agents in security-critical roles suffer from crucial weaknesses. Building on recent empirical evidence, we characterize three core challenges that undermine security evaluations: benchmark…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sahar Abdelnabi , Chris Hicks , Konrad Rieck , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

LLM agents increasingly perform end-to-end ML engineering tasks where success is judged by a single scalar test metric. This creates a structural vulnerability: an agent can increase the reported score by compromising the evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yonas Atinafu , Robin Cohen

We introduce xbench, a dynamic, profession-aligned evaluation suite designed to bridge the gap between AI agent capabilities and real-world productivity. While existing benchmarks often focus on isolated technical skills, they may not…

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

Language agents are increasingly deployed in complex professional workflows, with tutoring emerging as a particularly high-stakes capability that remains largely unmeasured in existing benchmarks. Effective tutor agents require more than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zixin Chen , Peng Liu , Rui Sheng , Haobo Li , Jianhong Tu , Xiaodong Deng , Kashun Shum , Dayiheng Liu , Huamin Qu

Large Language Models (LLMs) based autonomous agents demonstrate multifaceted capabilities to contribute substantially to economic production. However, existing benchmarks remain focused on single agentic capability, failing to capture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Keyu Li , Junhao Shi , Yang Xiao , Mohan Jiang , Jie Sun , Yunze Wu , Dayuan Fu , Shijie Xia , Xiaojie Cai , Tianze Xu , Weiye Si , Wenjie Li , Dequan Wang , Pengfei Liu

AI agents are an exciting new research direction, and agent development is driven by benchmarks. Our analysis of current agent benchmarks and evaluation practices reveals several shortcomings that hinder their usefulness in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sayash Kapoor , Benedikt Stroebl , Zachary S. Siegel , Nitya Nadgir , Arvind Narayanan

Agent evaluation requires assessing complex multi-step behaviors involving tool use and intermediate reasoning, making it costly and expertise-intensive. A natural question arises: can frontier coding assistants reliably automate this…

Modern AI benchmarks operate at a complexity that outpaces traditional verification methods. Tasks authored by domain experts often contain implicit assumptions, incomplete environment specifications, and brittle evaluation logic that human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Junlin Wang , Federico Bianchi , Shang Zhu , Fan Nie , Yongchan Kwon , Bhuwan Dhingra , James Zou

AI agents are increasingly deployed to execute important tasks. While rising accuracy scores on standard benchmarks suggest rapid progress, many agents still continue to fail in practice. This discrepancy highlights a fundamental limitation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Stephan Rabanser , Sayash Kapoor , Peter Kirgis , Kangheng Liu , Saiteja Utpala , Arvind Narayanan

Aligning autonomous agents with human intent remains a central challenge in modern AI. A key manifestation of this challenge is reward hacking, whereby agents appear successful under the evaluation signal while violating the intended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Amit Roth , Ankur Samanta , Matan Halevy , Yoav Levine , Yonathan Efroni

Reproducibility problems that have long affected machine learning and reinforcement learning are now surfacing in agent research: papers compare systems by reported scores while leaving the rollout records behind those scores difficult to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Charlie Masters , Ziyuan Liu , Stefano V. Albrecht

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) advance, multimodal agents show promise in real-world tasks like web navigation and embodied intelligence. However, due to limitations in a lack of external feedback, these agents struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Tianyi Men , Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

For web agents to be practically useful, they must adapt to the continuously evolving web environment characterized by frequent updates to user interfaces and content. However, most existing benchmarks only capture the static aspects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yichen Pan , Dehan Kong , Sida Zhou , Cheng Cui , Yifei Leng , Bing Jiang , Hangyu Liu , Yanyi Shang , Shuyan Zhou , Tongshuang Wu , Zhengyang Wu

With the emergence of search-enabled generative QA systems, users are increasingly turning to tools that browse, aggregate, and reconcile evidence across multiple sources on their behalf. Yet many widely used QA benchmarks remain answerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu , Arnav Palkhiwala , Tanya Roosta , Chirag Shah

Explanations for AI models in high-stakes domains like medicine often lack verifiability, which can hinder trust. To address this, we propose an interactive agent that produces explanations through an auditable sequence of actions. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuhang Huang , Zekai Lin , Fan Zhong , Lei Liu

Mobile GUI Agents, AI agents capable of interacting with mobile applications on behalf of users, have the potential to transform human computer interaction. However, current evaluation practices for GUI agents face two fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Youngmin Im , Byeongung Jo , Jaeyoung Wi , Seungwoo Baek , Tae Hoon Min , Joo Hyung Lee , Sangeun Oh , Insik Shin , Sunjae Lee

Agentic AI systems execute a sequence of actions, such as reasoning steps or tool calls, in response to a user prompt. To evaluate the success of their trajectories, researchers have developed verifiers, such as LLM judges and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuvom Sadhuka , Drew Prinster , Clara Fannjiang , Gabriele Scalia , Bonnie Berger , Aviv Regev , Hanchen Wang

The rapid deployment of AI agents in commercial settings has outpaced the development of evaluation methodologies that reflect production realities. Existing benchmarks measure agent capabilities through retrospectively curated tasks with…

We introduce ISO-Bench, a benchmark for coding agents to test their capabilities on real-world inference optimization tasks. These tasks were taken from vLLM and SGLang, two of the most popular LLM serving frameworks. Each task provides an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ayush Nangia , Shikhar Mishra , Aman Gokrani , Paras Chopra